Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Medicine > Fungal, Tropical, and Animal-Borne Diseases > Flashcards

Fungal, Tropical, and Animal-Borne Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

This spore is more common in hot, dry areas such as the desert; sometimes called ‘valley fever’. Patient would usually complain of joint pain (desert rheumatism) and presence of eythema nodosum. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Coccidiomycosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the most accurate test for Coccidiomycosis?

A

Sputum culture, serology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How would you treat Coccidiomycosis?

A

Moderate disease: Fluconazole or Itraconazole

Severe disease: Amphotericin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

This is a fungus found in moist soil containing bird and bat feces (e.g., caves, river valleys), It resemble TB with lung cavities. It also involves bone marrow (pancytopenia) as well as the spleen and lymph nodes.

A

Histoplasmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the most accurate test for Histoplasmosis?

A

Sputum culture, blood, or affected organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How would you treat Histoplasmosis?

A

Amphotericin followed by Itraconazole for severe illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

This fungus is found in soil and rotten wood near water. It involves the lungs, bone, skin, and prostate. Smear reveals a ‘broad budding yeast’. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Blastomycosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the definitive test for Blastomycosis?

A

Culture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How would you treat Blastomycosis?

A

Itraconazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

This mold occurs exclusively in immunocompromised patients, especially diabetics in DKA. It rapidly dissects the nasal canals and eyes through to the brain. Mortality is very high and this is a SURGICAL EMERGENCY. What is the diagnosis?

A

Mucormycosis (Zygomycosis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What drug increases the risk of Mucormycosis?

A

Deferoxamine (mobilizes iron)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the best initial therapy for Mucormycosis?

A

Amphotericin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How do you diagnose Mucormycosis?

A

Biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do you diagnoses Invasive Aspergillosis?

A

Lung Biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the best initial test for Invasive Aspergillosis?

A

Voriconazole, Isavuconazole, or Caspofungin

DO NOT answer Amphotericin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How do you diagnose Malaria?

A

Thick smear for detection

Thin smear for speciation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How do you treat mild-moderate Malaria with Plasmodium Falciparum infection?

A

Mefloquine or

Atovaquone/Proguanil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do you treat mild-moderate Malaria with Non-Falciparum infection?

A

Chloroquine

Primaquine (vivax or ovale only)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How would you clasify parasetemia of >5%, CNS abnormalities (confusion, seizure, coma), Hypotension/shock, or pulmonary edema, renal injury, acidosis, or hypoglycemia in a patient with Malaria?

A

SEVERE Malaria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How do you treat severe Malaria?

A

Artemisinins (Artemether, Artesunate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A patient is about to go to a malaria endemic area. What should you give for prophylaxis?

A

Mefloquine or

Atovaquone/proguanil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

If a patient has malaria with history of neuropsychiatric illness, what medication shall you AVOID giving?

A

Mefloquine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

This disease is transmitted by Aedes mosquito. It is caused by a single-stranded RNA of African origin. It is characterized by intense joint pain that may persist for months, periarticular edema, and rash (<50% of cases).

A

Chikungunya

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

This disease is transmitted by Aedes mosquito. It is characterized by bone pain, and the second episode is worse. It causes severe thrombocytopenia that can lead to petechiae and GI bleeding with sometimes fatal hemorrhage and shock.

A

Dengue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What would you look for in Dengue Fever?

A

low WBC count and high transaminases

26
Q

This disease is transmitted by Aedes mosquito. This is the most dangerous in pregnancy because it causes microcephaly. It is also associated with Guillain-Barre.

A

Zika Virus

27
Q

What are the common symptoms of Chikungunya, Dengue, Zika, and Ebola?

A

Fever, Headache, Malaise

28
Q

How would you detect Chikungunya, Dengue, Zika, and Ebola Viruses?

A

ELISA or PCR

29
Q

This disease presents as nonspecific viral syndrome followed by severe GI distress, with high-volume diarrhea. It is transmitted only by direct contact with body fluids from a person in whom symptoms are present. Encephalitis can develop.

A

Ebola Virus

30
Q

This organism is a gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium that occurs in sheep, cattle, horses, and goats.

A

Bacillus antracis

31
Q

This is a type of anthrax that is characterized by a painless black eschar at site of contact. It is often self-limited.

A

Cutaneous anthrax

32
Q

This is a type of anthrax that occurs as an ulcerative lesion that produces abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. The lesion may perforate.

A

Gastrointestinal anthrax

33
Q

This is a type of anthrax that can be rapidly fatal. There is widened mediastinum on X-Ray, hemorrhagic lymphadenitis, and pleural effusion.

A

Inhalation anthrax

34
Q

How do you diagnose Anthrax?

A

Culture that shows boxcar-shaped, encapsulated rods

35
Q

Treatment of choice for Anthrax.

A

Quinolone or Doxycycline

36
Q

It is a protozoan, originally from cattle and transmitted by ticks. It infects red blood cells, causing hemolysis. It is is life-threatening in asplenic patients.

A

Babesiosis

37
Q

What is the best initial test for Babesiosis?

A

Blood smear showing red cell inclusions

38
Q

How would you treat Babesiosis?

A

Azithromycin and Atovaquone

39
Q

This is ‘cat-scratch disease’, that produces enlarged and tender regional lymph nodes.

A

Bartonellosis

40
Q

How would you treat patients with Bartonellosis that has hepatosplenic involvement or neuroretinitis?

A

doxycycline or azithromycin and rifampicin.

41
Q

This infection may present as fever for weeks/months, hepatosplenomegaly, endocarditis, osteomyelitis, meningitis, or chronic joint pain. + History to unpasteurized milk or uninspected meat; a returning war veteran

A

Brucellosis

42
Q

How would you diagnose Brucellosis?

A

Blood culture, CSF, urine, marrow

43
Q

How would you treat Brucellosis?

A

Doxycycline and Gentamicin

Add rifampicin for bone and heart infection

44
Q

This infection usually come from dogs and sheep who shed the eggs and ingested by humans. It spreads to liver, lung, and brain forming hydatid cysts.

A

Echinococcosis

45
Q

How do you diagnose Echinococcosis?

A

detect cysts with sonogram, CT, or MRI; confirm with ELISA

46
Q

How do you treat Echinococcosis?

A

DO NOT aspirate cysts

Oral albendazole, injection of alcohol into the cysts

47
Q

This infection presents with fever, headache, malaise, and chills. These are obligate intracellular parasites similar to Rickettsia. They are transmitted from the bite of the Ixodes scapularis tick, just like Lyme and Babesia.

A

Ehrlichiosis and Anaplasmosis

48
Q

This infection usually occurs by ingestion of food contaminated with the urine of an infected animal, usually a rat. The kidneys (oliguria) and liver are affected, and possibly the CNS as well. Patient presents with muscle pain and CK elevation.

A

Leptospirosis

49
Q

How would you diagnose Leptospirosis?

A

ELISA

50
Q

How would you treat Leptospirosis?

A

Amoxicillin, Ceftriaxone, or Doxycycline

51
Q

This is a protozoan spread by Sandflies. It has two froms: skin/mucosal, and visceral (liver and spleen involvement with fever)

A

Leishmaniasis

52
Q

What is the diagnostic test for Leishmaniasis?

A

Direct visualization on aspirates of liver, spleen, or marrow or in white cells

53
Q

What is a confirmatory test for Leishmaniasis?

A

PCR and culture

54
Q

How would you treat Leishmaniasis?

A

Liposomal amphotericin, Miltefosine, or Antimonials (Stibogluconate)

Miltefosine for cutaneous, mucosal, and visceral leishmaniasis

55
Q

What is the best initial test for Yersinia Pestis infection (Plague)?

A

smear of node aspirate showing gram-negative rods

56
Q

What is the most accurate test for Yersinia Pestis infection (Plague)?

A

Culture

57
Q

How would you treat Yersinia Pestis infection?

A

Streptomycin, Gentamicin, or Doxycycline

58
Q

This infection can be transmitted by contact with infected rabbits, muskrats, and prairie dogs, and bites from ticks or flies. The patient presents with skin ulcers, glandular enlargement, and/or conjunctivitis from a tick bite. Inhalation of spores causes rapidly fatal pneumonia.

A

Tularemia

59
Q

How would you diagnose Tularemia?

A

Serology

60
Q

How would you treat Tularemia?

A

Streptomycin, Gentamicin, or Doxycycline

Medicine (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions