Allergy and Immunology Flashcards
______ is considered part of anaphylaxis, not just an allergy.
Urticaria
What is the best initial treatment for anaphylaxis
Epinephrine
Diphenhydramine and Ranitidine
Methylprednisolone or Hydrocortisone
Intubation or Cricothyroidotomy
This is characterized by sudden facial swelling and stridor with the absence of pruritus and urticaria. It DOES NOT respond to Glucocorticoids
Hereditary Angioedema
What is the best initial test for Angioedema?
decreased levels of C2 and C4
deficiency of C1 esterase inhibitor
What is a specific therapy for Angioedema?
Ecallantide
Give 3 therapy you can give for acute angioedema.
Fresh frozen plasma, ecallantide, icatibant
If respiratory compromise and urticaria are present at the outset of Angioedema, what would you give?
Epinephrine
Antihistamines
Steroids
What is the best initial therapy for Hereditary Angioedema with severe laryngeal involvement
C1 esterase inhibitor concentrate
What are long-term therapy you can consider for Angioedema?
Androgens
- Danazole
- Stanazole
This is a form of allergic reaction that causes sudden swelling of the superficial layers of the skin.
Urticaria
What are your treatment options for Urticaria?
Antihistamines
Leukotriene receptor antagonist: montelukast, zafirlukast
Patient came in with watery eyes, sneezing, itchy nose, and itchy eyes. Upon inspection, you noticed inflamed, boggy nasal mucosa; pale or violaceous turbinates. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Allergic Rhinitis
In this patient, B cells are present in normal numbers but they do not make effective amounts of immunoglobins. There is a decrease in all the subtypes: IgG, IgM, and IgA.
It presents with recurrent sinopulmonary infections in adults with equal gender distribution. There are frequent episodes of bronchitis, pneumonia, sinusitus, and otitis media.
Common Variable Immunodeficiency
This is a primary immunodeficiency disorder that gives a marked increase in the risk of lymphoma.
CVID
What is the chronic maintenance for CVID?
Regular infusions of intravenous immunoglobulins
This is a primary immunodeficiency disorder that presents in male children with increased sinopulmonary infections. B cells and lymphoid tissue are diminished. There is a decrease or absence of the tonsils, adenoids, lymph nodes, and spleen. T cells are normal. What is the most likely diagnosis?
X-link (Bruton) Agammaglobulinemia
What can you give children with X-linked Agammaglobulinemia?
Long-term regular administration of IVIG
This is a primary immunodeficiency disorder that had deficiency in both B and T cells.
SCID
What is a common infection you’ll acquire when you have T cell deficiency
Candida
What treatment option can you consider for SCID?
Bone marrow transplant (can be curative)
This patient presents with sinopulmonary infections. He also suffers from atopic diseases, anaphylaxis to blood transfusion, spruelike condition with fat malabsorption, increase in the risk of vitiligo, thyroiditis, and rheumatoid arthritis. What is the most likely diagnosis?
IgA Deficiency
How would you treat a patient with IgA deficiency?
Treat as infections arise.
Give blood that comes from IgA-deficient donors or that has been washed.
Will giving IVIG injections to IgA patients work?
NO.
The amount of IgA in the product is too insignificant to be therapeutic. The trace amounts of IgA in IVIG may provoke anaphylaxis in the same way that a blood transfusion does.
This presents as recurrent skin infections with Staphylococcus.
Hyper IgE Syndrome
How would you treat a patient with Hyper IgE Syndrome?
Treat infections as they arise and consider prophylactic antibiotics such as dicloxacillin or cephalexin
This is an immunodeficiency combined with thrombocytopenia and eczema. T lymphocytes are markedly deficient in the blood and the lymph nodes.
Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome
What is the definite treatment for Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome?
Bone marrow transplantation
This is a genetic disease resulting in extensive inflammatory reactions. This leads to lymph nodes with purulent material leaking out. Aphthous ulcers and inflammation of the nares is common. Granulomas may become obstructive in the GI or urinary tract.
Chronic Granulomatous Disease
What is the most likely diagnosis if the patient’s culture shows combinations of Staphylococcus, Burkholderia, Nocardia, Aspergillus?
Chronic Granulomatous Disease
What diagnostic test can you do for a patient with Chronic Granulomatous Disease?
Nitroblue Tetrazolium Test or
Dihydrorhodamine Test
