Fungal, Protozoal, and Helminthic - Ch. 36 Flashcards
Fungal Infections (Mycoses)
Superficial or Systemic
*Superficial Infections - Affect hair, skin, nails, mucous membranes (Oral cavity, Vagina)
Treated with Topical Agents
Opportunistic Infections - Nosocomial infections that occur in the immunosuppressed patient
Protozoans
Thrive in areas of poor sanitation
Malaria
Transmitted by the BITE OF A FEMALE ANOPHELES MOSQUITO
Prevention - *CDC recommendations for prophylactic anti-malarials prior to, during, and for 1 week after visits to infested areas
Helminths
PARASITIC WORMS that cause significant disease in certain regions of the world
Enter the body THROUGH THE SKIN OR GASTROINTENSTINAL TRACT
Amphotericin B (Antifungal Drug - Systemic Infections)
Action - FUNGICIDAL, Highly toxic
Adverse Effects - FEVER, CHILLS, VOMITING, PHLEBITIS, NEPHROTOXICITY, CARDIAC ARREST, HYPOTENSION, DYSRHYTHMIAS, OTOTOXICITY, HYPOKALEMIA
Nursing - EKG MONITORING: IV - infuse slowly
Labs - Elevated BUN/CREATININE, stop TX if BUN > 40mg/dl or Sr Cr > 3mg/dl
Fluconazole and Miconazole (Antifungals Agents for Systemic Infection)
Action - Interfere with the synthesis of ergosterol; bacteriostatic
Primary Use - Fungal infections in the CNS, bone, eyes, urinary tract, and respiratory tract
Side Effects - Nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
Labs - Liver function, blood glucose, increased bleeding with warfarin
Drugs - Can cause hypoglycaemia with oral hypoglycemics; increases effects of warfarin, digoxin
Nystatin (Superficial Infections)
Primary Use - Topically for Candida infections of the vagina, skin, mouth
Nursing - Swish in mouth for 2 min; swallow or spit
Metronidazole (Nonmalarial - Anti-infecive/Antiprotozoal Drugs)
Adverse Effects - Anorexia, n/d, dizziness, DRYNESS OF THE MOUTH, METALLIC TASTE
CNS Toxicities: SEIZURES, PARESTHESIAS may be experienced
Nursing - TEACH THE PATIENT NOT TO USE ALCOHOL WHILE ON THIS MEDICATION OR IT MAY RESULT IN NAUSEA, VOMITING, HYPOTENSION
Contra-indications - blood dyscrasias
