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Microbiology > Fungal infections > Flashcards

Fungal infections Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

2 types of fungi

A

Yeast

Mould

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2
Q

Reproduce by budding
Single cells living alone
E.g. Candida, cryptococcus

A

Yeast

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3
Q

Reproduce by forming spores from ends of hyphae
Live as multicellular ‘hyphae’ filaments
E.g. Aspergillosis, dermatophytes

A

Mould

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4
Q

BD glucan assay
Cottage cheese discharge
White plaques
Mucosal surfaces

A

Candida (albicans)

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5
Q

Candida albicans Tx

A

Fluconazole

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6
Q 
Sabouraud agar
Bird droppings
Affinity for CNS - meningoencephalitis
AIDS
India Ink staining (halos around yeast cells)
A

Cryptococcus neoformans

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7
Q

Meningitis in apparently imunocompetent individuals

A

C neoformans gattii variety

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8
Q

Tx for Cryptococcus neoformans

A

Amphotericin +/- flucytosine

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9
Q

What used to be used to detect Cryptococcus?

What is used to detect Cryptococcus now?

A

Used to use India Ink staining (halos around yeast cells)

Now use antigen testing in blood and CSF

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10
Q 
Stored grains
Can cause aspergilloma, ABPA, invasive aspergillosis
Lungs (pneumonia)
B-glucan test
Czaoek dox agar
A

Aspergillus (fumigatus, flavus)

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11
Q

ABPA

A

Type 1 hypersensitivity

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12
Q

Tx of Aspergillus

A

High-dose Amphotericin B

Surgical removal of aspergilloma

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13
Q

Affect skin, hair, nails (keratin containing)
Humid moist skin folds
Ring worm, athlete’s foot
Dermatophytes - Trichophyton, Microsporum, Epidermophyton

A

Tinea

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14
Q

Two ways of classifying fungal infections

A

Superficial / Deep

Yeasts / Moulds

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15
Q

Superficial fungal infections

A

Tinea
Pityriasis
Candida (superficial in immunocompetent)

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16
Q

Deep fungal infections

A

Candida (deep in immunocompromised)
Aspergillus
Cryptococcus

17
Q

Raised red rings with central clearance on hairless skin

Surrounding skin dry and flaky

A

Tinea corporis (ringworm)

18
Q

Crotch ith

Red or brown skin patch with clear rings

A

Tinea cruris

19
Q

Athletes foot

A

Tinea pedis

20
Q

Scaly red lesions on head leading to hair loss

Expanding red ring on scalp

A

Tinea capitis

21
Q

Spherical opacity on CXR

A

Aspergilloma

22
Q

White / yellow nail
Thick nail
Separation of nail from nailbed

A

Onychomyosis

23
Q

Malassezia furfur
Hypopigmentation in dark skin / hyperpigmentation in fair skin
Spaghetti with meatballs with KOH
Orange fluorescence Woods light

A

Pityriasis (tinea) versicolor

24
Q

Affinity for vascular structures
Rhinocerebral - cellulitis, plack pus from nose / palate
Rapid referral to ENT

A

Mucormycoses

25
Q

3 types of anti-fungals + examples

A
  1. Target cell membrane (ergosterol) - azoles, Amphotericin B
  2. Target DNA synthesis - flucytosine
  3. Target cell wall (beta-1,3-glucan) - echinocandin
26
Q

Anti-fungals targetting cell membrane

A 
Azoles (cell wall synthesis)
Amphotericin B (cell wall integrity)
27
Q

Anti-fungal that binds CYP450 enzyme lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase (req. to form ergosterol)

A

Azoles

28
Q

Anti-fungal that binds sterols in fungal cell membrane
Transmembrane channel w/ electrolyte leakage
Nephrotoxic
Used in invasive serious fungal disease

A

Amphotericin B

29
Q

Anti-fungal that is a pyrimidine analogue
Selectively activated by fungi
Resistance - now only used in combination with other agents

A

Flucytosine

30
Q

Anti-fungal that inhibits cell wall B-glucan synthesis

A

Echinocandin (e.g. caspofungin)

31
Q

Mississippi river region

Chronic progressive lung disease

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

32
Q

Copper coloured soil saprophyte on rotting wood

Warty cauliflower lesion

A

Phialophora verrucose

33
Q

Rose thorn exposure

Nodules on skin

A

Sporothric schenkii

‘Rose Gardeners’ disease

Microbiology (19 decks)

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