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veterinary infectious diseases > fungal diseases > Flashcards

fungal diseases Flashcards

1
Q

what are fungal disease?

A

mainly plant pathogens
eukayotic pathogens
can be unicellular or multicellular

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2
Q

what is a key structure of fungi

A

cell wall

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3
Q

what are fungi composed off

A

polysacchardies, proteins, lipids and pigment

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4
Q

do cell walls improve environment survival in fungi?

A

yes

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5
Q

what are common superfical fungal infections

A

ringworm

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6
Q

what are serious fungal infections

A

thrush
aspergillosis

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7
Q

what is chytrid?

A

fungus that kills amphibians
43% of populations declining since 1980

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8
Q

why are fungi difficult to classify?

A

hard to distinguish
hard to group - sex/morphology
different species names for different stages
different traditions - vets, medics, biologists

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9
Q

what is a fungal systematic infection example?

A

basidomycota

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10
Q

what is cryptococcus

A

humans - most common aids related infection
effects multiple animals worldwide
can incubate for months

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11
Q

where is cryptococcus found?

A

the soil

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12
Q

where is the cryptococcus infection most common in cats

A

nasal area due to inhalation

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13
Q

what did genetic analaysis find out about cryptococcus

A

there are two species
C neoformans and C gatti

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14
Q

cryptococcus vancouver island outbreak: when did it start and finish

A

began 1999
first reported 2002
ended 2015

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15
Q

how many human cases of cryptococcus was there

A

240

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16
Q

what did the lung biopsies show with cryptococcus

A

they showed necrotizing and or fibrosing granulomas

17
Q

what did the brain biopsies show with cryptococcus?

A

showed cryptococcal organisms

18
Q

who got infected on the vancouver island outbreak

A

humans
horses
dogs
alpacas
cats

19
Q

what caused the vancouver island outbreak?

A

bird droppings?
cryptococcus infects birds and grows on droppings
evidence can be viable fro 2 years in the bird droppings

20
Q

how does fungi reproduce?

A

clonal reproduction - mitosis
or they mate, produce 2 haploid cells, diploid cells and meiosis occurs

21
Q

how are cryptococcus infections cleared quickly?

A

complement activation
cell mediated immunity

22
Q

what is complement activation for cryptococcus

A

mainly alternative pathway - bind to a pathogen
increase chemotaxis of phagocytes
increase phagocytosis

23
Q

where can cryptococcus be in contact with host cells

A

cryptococcus can be inside host cells and outside host cells

24
Q

what does a carbohydrate capsule do to cryptococcus

A

inhibits complement increase delay of C3B
block phagocytocis

25
Q

what is cyrptococcus melanin production

A

anti-oxidants such as melanin produced
inhibit damaging reactive oxygen species

26
Q

what skin does ringworm infect

A

dogs
cats
pigs
goats
humans
most aniamls

27
Q

what do dermatophytes feed on (ringworm)

A

keratin in the skin

28
Q

who are most susceptible to dermatophytes
(ringworm)

A

young animals

29
Q

what are the symptoms caused by dermatophytes

A

hair loos
raised and red areas

30
Q

is ringworm contagious

A

yes - direct contaact

31
Q

does ringworm resolve by itself?

A

yes as long as animal is healthy

32
Q

what is the zoonosis for ringworm?

A

not all species are an issue for humans
vary liklihood of infection
varying likelihood of symptoms
mostly cattle and domestic pets cause human cases

33
Q

how do you gain successful control of ringworm?

A

cell mediated immunity
Th1 cells
production of IFNy

34
Q

do antibodies play a role in protection against ringworm?

A

yes
they damage fungal pathogens
nuetralise abs during the initial infection

35
Q

are vaccines available for ringworm?

A

yes in some countries
cats - inactivated - reduces infection chance and symptoms
cattle - live attenuated vaccine - effective protection

veterinary infectious diseases (6 decks)

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