Fungal cell

Question 1

What is the name for true fungi ?

Answer 1

Eumycota

Question 2

How do Eumycotes obtain energy and nutrients ?

Answer 2

• Chemoorganotrophic (get energy by by oxidising reduced organic compounds)
• Saprophytes- Absorb nutrients from dead organic matter by releasing digestive enzymes

Question 3

What is the growth progression of a Eumycote hyphae body ?

Answer 3

Arrives at substrate as a spore> Spore produce germ tubes to form hyphae> Hypha branch to form mycelium

Question 4

What are the three unique components that make a fugal cell wall ?

Answer 4

Chitin, gluons and glycoproteins.

Question 5

What is chitin made from ?

Answer 5

N-acetylglucosamine residues

Question 6

What is the main mechanism for asexual reproduction in fungi ?

Answer 6

Parent cells undergo mitosis to create daughter cells. Occurs due to central constriction and the formation of a new cell wall.

Question 7

How are arthrospores formed ?

Answer 7

When the hyphae fragment due to the cell wall splitting or the splitting of the septum

Question 8

Sporangiospores ?

Answer 8

Spores develop within a sac at the tip of the hyphae

Question 9

Conidiospores ?

Answer 9

PSores that do no occur in a sac but are still produced at the tip or the sides of the hypha. (Formed by conidiophores)

Question 10

Blastospores ?

Answer 10

Produced by vegetative mother cell that is budding.

Question 11

What is the difference between homothallic and heterothallic sexual reproduction.

Answer 11

Homothallic = wen fungi self fertilise as compatible gametes are formed within the same mycelium.
Heterothallic- Compatuble gametes are produced by different mycelia.

Question 12

Name the stages in sexual reproduction cycle.

Answer 12

1. Diploid parent cells under go meiosis to form a haploid cell
2. Haploid cells undergo cytoplasmic fusion to produce a Dikaryotic stage (this stage can sometimes be skipped)
3. After short Dikaryotic stage nuclear fusion occurs to produce the diploid zygote

Question 13

How can fungal spores disseminate ?

Answer 13

The are able to stay suspended in the air for long periods of time. Can also adhere to insect bodies and other animals.

Question 14

How and where are Basidiospores created ?

Answer 14

Basidiospores are found underneath the mycelium in Basidiomycota species. Basidium are found at the tip of the hyphae and are club shaped. These basidium produce two or more spores (basidiospore).

Question 15

Why are ascomycota important in all environments ?

Answer 15

They break down stable organic compounds e.g cellulose

Question 16

How do Ascomycota reproduce ?

Answer 16

They reproduce asexually by producing conidiophores.

Question 17

Where are Zygomycota usually found ?

Answer 17

On decaying plant and animal matter.

Question 18

What are the asexual stages of reproduction in Zygomycota ?

Answer 18

1. Aerial hyphae produce sporangium, producing sporangiospores
2. The sporangoium bursts, releasing the spores which germinate o produce hyphae
3. A vegetative mycelium is produced where gametes are produced at the tip

Question 19

Describe the asexual stage of a zygomycota reproductive cycle.

Answer 19

1. Gametes at the tip form zygosporeswhich go o to produce a sporangium by combiniggametes of different sex
2. Sporangium then releases spores
3. Spore germinates to produce hyphae.