FUNGAL Flashcards
1
Q
- causes most of the fatal poisoning cases
- First, there are breathing problems and dizziness
x then comes severe vomiting, diarrhoea and dehydration - After 3 days, begins to feel better, but actually the liver is being destroyed
- Death usually at least 6 days after consumption
A
The Death Cap, Amanita phalloides
2
Q
- with other dermatologic conditions and with
fungemia in patients with indwelling catheters. - commensal lipophilic yeasts with a predilection for the sebum-rich areas of the skin.
- They are considered a part of the normal skin
flora, with presence established by 3-6 mo of
age.
A
Malassezia
3
Q
LAB Findings
- Macroscopic: dry chalky appearance
- Microscopic: clusters of thick-walled blastospores together with the hyphae produce the characteristic
- “spaghetti-and-meatballs appearance’
A
Malassezia
4
Q
— Implicated in neonatal acne
— associated with seborrheic dermatitis and dandruff.
A
- M. sympodialis and M. globosa
- M. globosa and M. restricta
5
Q
The traditional primary therapy for tinea versicolor :
A
topical selenium sulfide 2.5% applied daily for at least 10 min for a week, followed by weekly to monthly applications for several months to prevent relapse.
6
Q
- “rose gardener’s disease
- can occur as an occupational disease among farmers, gardeners, veterinarians, and laboratory Workers
- rare fungal infection that occurs worldwide both sporadically and in outbreaks.
- Etiologic agent: Sporothrix schenckii,
- exhibits temperature dimorphism, existing as a mold at environmental temperatures (25-30°C [77-86°F]) and as a yeast in vivo (37°C [98.6°F]}
A
Sporotrichosis
7
Q
- most common form of Sporotrichosis disease in all age groups.
- may either be lymphocutaneous or fixed cutaneous, the former being much more common.
- Special histologic staining such as periodic acid—Schiff and methenamine silver is required to identify yeast forms in tissues.
- Itraconazole is the recommended treatment of choice for infections outside the central nervous system.
- Younger children with cutaneous disease: a saturated solution of Potassium iodide given Orally once daily beginning at 5-10 drops 3 times per day.
- The dose is gradually advanced to 25-40 drops 3 times per day for children or 40-50 drops 3 times per day for adolescents and adults
A
Cutaneous Sporotrichosis
8
Q
- accounts for more than 75% of reported cases in children
- occurs after traumatic subcutaneous inoculation. After a variable and often prolonged incubation period (1-12 wk), an isolated, painless erythematous papule develops at the inoculation site.
- Initial lesion :extremity (adults) face (children).
- The original papule enlarges and ulcerates.
- satellite lesions follow lymphangitic spread-> multiple tender subcutaneous nodules tracking along the lymphatic channels that drain the lesion secondary nodules are subcutaneous granulomas that adhere to the overlying skin -> ulcerate-> doesn’t heal spontaneously, and these ulcerativelesions can persist for years if they are untreated.
A
LymphoCutaneous Sporotrichosis
9
Q
treatment of choice for pulmonary infections,
disseminated infections, central nervous system
disease, and infections in immunocompromised
persons in Cutaneous Sporotrichosis
A
Amphothericin B
10
Q
- A subacute or chronic infection most frequently involving the tissues of the CNS, but occasionally producing lesions
in the skin, bones, lungs or other internal organs - encapsulated, yeast-like
- reproduce by budding
A
Cryptocococis
11
Q
- exist worldwide
- Found frequently in accumulated , old pigeon droppings; has been isolated in Fort Santiago
- PIGEONS are not Clinically atfected
- Has been isolated from droppings of other birds such as parakeets and Canaries
- cryptococcosis is consiaered an AIDS-defining illness
A
C. neoformans var neoformans
12
Q
- The most common Aspergillosis causing invasive disease are
- The most common causing allergic disease are
A
- Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus flavus
- Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus clavatus
13
Q
- Accounts for over 90% of all yeast infections
- Grows in a wide range of temperature- can thrive up to 50°C
- Inhibited by cycloheximide
- Modes of Transmissions:
1. Respiratory
2. Direct Inoculation
3. Ingestion - Spores disseminated from humidifiers and Air conditioner filters and ducts that have accumulated moisture and from the environment
- Macroscopic appearance of fungus ball occupying a large pulmonary cavity
A
Aspergillosis
14
Q
Treatment for Aspergillosis
- Allergic aspergillosis:
- Invasive aspergillosis
- Aspergilloma
A
- Allergic aspergillosis:
> corticosteroids and itraconazole - Invasive aspergillosis :
> amphotericin B
> itraconazole - Aspergilloma
> lobectomy may benefit some
> Amphotericin B
15
Q
- Caused by Zygomycetes (Saphrophytic molds found
in the environment) - Angiotropic infection
- Occurs worldwide
- Affects immunologically or physiologically compromised hosts
- microscopic : KOH of tissues ( and with other stains):
Findings : broad, irregularly shaped, non-septatea hyphae
with right angle branching
A
Zygomycosis
16
Q
Culture Characteristics of Zygomycosis
- primary isolation media
- incubation
- how to identify
A
- primary isolation media: sabouraud s dextrose agar without cyclohexamide
- 3-5 days incubation at room temperature shows white to grey or Drownish, Gowny colonies
- identity :LPCB mount of growth
