Fundamentals Test 2 Flashcards
ABC’s in an emergency
Airway, Breathing, Circulation
Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs
physiological, safety & security, love & belonging, self-esteem, self- actualization.
Peak flow-meter always in yellow
Change medication regimen. Increase their meds.
Client enters emergency room.
Accessory muscles to breath.
Highest priority about early signs of lung cancer
Very vague, cough, fatigue
Client in early signs or heart failure
Increase respiratory rate
Most common problem you see in sickle cell
Pain
Hypertension with no known cause
Primary or essential
disorders that the natural flow of blood through arteries and veins through the peripheral circulation.
peripheral artery disease
accurate understanding of most appropriate diet when stop smoking
Low fat diet
ABC’s THEN Maslow’s
that’s it
Client teaching regarding radiation therapy
Cannot go out in the sun, need sunscreen, should not use harsh things on skin, cannot come in with lotion on.
Corticosteroids
??
Diet with COPD
Prevent protein-calorie malnutrition
Monitor weight, skin condition, and serum prealbumin levels to prevent weight loss
Dyspnea management
Food selection
COPD
asthma, chronic bronchitis, and emphysema
Chronic bronchitis and eating is hard b/c of SOB
Take small bites, what can they eat that lasts a long time.
Asthma: bronchodilators
Short- acting beta agonists (SABAs)
Long-acting beta agonists (LABAs)
cholinergic antagonists
Client with lung cancer is scheduled for surgery, they’re getting oxygen for hypoxia, they are becoming more SOB, what do you do?
Put on or increase Oxygen.
Nebulizer treatment
used with normal saline to help thin secretions.
Someone confused, so you need to start oxygen therapy, what do you have to take into account?
delivery devices. Don’t want them to take it off.
SARS
Virus infection of cells of the respiratory tract, triggering inflammatory response. Spread person to person contact, and saliva and droplets.
TB
The body reacts to TB bacteria by forming capsules around the germs in the lungs and holding them in check. At this stage, a person is infected with TB, but is neither sick nor contagious. Nine out of ten people who are infected with TB will never be sick or contagious.
Highest risk for developing a community acquired pneumonia
Homeless, drug addicts
Nosacomia pneumonia
In a hospital
When is TB no longer considered infectious
Although tuberculosis is contagious, it’s not easy to catch. You’re much more likely to get tuberculosis from someone you live with or work with than from a stranger. Most people with active TB who’ve had appropriate drug treatment for at least two weeks are no longer contagious
Night sweats
TB
PPD test is negative, what do you do?
Chest X-ray
Compensatory mechanisms for early HF
(1) the Frank–Starling mechanism, (2) neurohormonal alterations, and (3) the development of ventricular hypertrophy and remodeling
S&S for right sided heart failure
Increased volume in the venous system and peripheral edema. Fluid may back up into your abdomen, legs and feet, causing swelling.
Why weigh someone everyday with HF
Fluid retention
Pulmonary problems
Assess for crackles, dyspnea at rest, disorientation, and confusion.
High Fowler’s
Oxygen therapy
Priority diagnosis for a person with heart failure
Perfusion, impaired circulation
Assessment finding saying HF has impaired tissue perfusion
Dyspnea exertion
Assessment saying patient has mitral Stenosis
Murmur
postop and continuing medication of someone with a prosthetic valve
Warfarin (anticoagulant) for the rest of their life
Energy conservation
Rest in between things, if going for a walk need place to sit, if you do something have everything with you.
If you hear a swishing sound over right carotid
Call doctor
Diet restrictions for hypertension
??
Triple A monitoring techniques
Palpate midline
Prevent raynaud’s disease complications
Vasodilation drug therapy
Lumbar sympathectomy
Sympathetic ganglionectomy
Teach patients: minimize cold, reduce caffeine, smoking cessation
Can you take warfarin and heprin together
yes
Reversal for heprin
Protamine sulfate
Blood transfusion procedure
verify prescription
test donor’s and recipient’s blood for compatibility
examine blood bag for identification
inspect blood for discoloration, gas bubbles, or cloudiness
Not transmitting infection
wash hands
Leukemia
type of cancer with uncontrolled production of immature white blood cells in the bone marrow.
Sickle Cell
formation of abnormal hemoglobin chains during low oxygen concentration
Thrombus
blood clot forms an embolus (inflammation, thickening vein wall)
Thrombus patient teaching
early ambulation drink fluids, sequential compression device
Blood can only hang with normal saline
Yep
Thrombocytopenia
Thrombocytopenia is the medical term for a low blood platelet count. Platelets (thrombocytes) are colorless blood cells that play an important role in blood clotting
S&S of sleep apnea
daytime sleepiness, loud snoring, breathing cessation, abrupt awakening w/ SOB, dry mouth or sore throat, morning headache, insomnia, attention problems
