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fundamentals > Fundamentals Test 1 > Flashcards

Fundamentals Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the nursing process?

A

ADPIE: Assessment, Diagnosis, plan, implementation, evaluation

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2
Q

Medical-surgical nursing

A

Adult health nursing: To promote health and prevent illness or injury in patients from 18 to >100.

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3
Q

Physical restraints

A

Check every 30-60 min. Remove every 2 hours.

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4
Q

Physiological changes when aging

A
  • Medications aren’t absorbed
  • Everything Slows down
  • Higher risk for toxicity
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5
Q

Delirium

A

An ACUTE state of confusion. Short-term and reversible.

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6
Q

Dementia

A

A slow progressive cognitive decline. CHRONIC confusion.

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7
Q

Depression

A

A mood disorder that can have cognitive, affective, and physical manifestations.

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8
Q

Young old
Middle old
Old old
Elite old

A

65-74
75-84
85-99
100+

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9
Q

Neglect

A

Failure to provide basic needs.

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10
Q

Physical Abuse

A

Use of physical that results in bodily injury.

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11
Q

Financial Abuse

A

Mismanagement or misuse of property or resources.

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12
Q

Emotional Abuse

A

Intentional use of threats, humiliation, intimidation, and isolation.

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13
Q

Autosomal Dominant

A
  • Gene alleles controlling trait
  • A dominant gene allele is expressed only when one allele of the pair is dominant.
  • Appears in every generation with no skipping.
  • Risk 50%
  • Equal in males and females
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14
Q

Autosomal Recessive

A
  • Required to be an autosomal chromosome
  • Only expressed when both alleles are present
  • May not appear in all generations
  • only 25% of a family will be affected
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15
Q

Genetic Testing

A
  • Sickle cell disease
  • Hemophilia
  • Hereditary hemochromatosis
  • Cystic Fibrosis
  • Beta thalassemia
  • Tay-Sachs disease
  • Huntington disease
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16
Q

Purpose of rehab

A
  • The continuous process of learning to live with chronic and disabling conditions, often those resulting from trauma.
  • Aims to help patient return to best possible physical, mental, social, vocational, and economic capacity.
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17
Q

Cultural competence

A

Respecting all differences and not letting one’s own biases influence others.

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18
Q

Nursing intervention anxiety and post-op care

A

Physical signs of anxiety include; restlessness, increased pulse, BP, respiratory rate, and crying.

19
Q

Pre-op intervention

A
  • remove most clothes & wear hospital gown
  • valuable w/ family or locked up
  • tape rings in place if cannot be removed
  • patient wears identification band
  • dentures, prosthetic devices, hearing aids, contact lenses, fingernail polish, and artificial nails must be removed.
20
Q

Prevent DVTs

A
  • antiembolism stockings (TED hose)
  • pneumatic compression device
  • leg exercises
  • mobility
21
Q

General anesthesia

A

Patient is unconscious

22
Q

Local anesthesia

A

Applied to skin or mucous membrane, affects nerve impulse.

23
Q

Regional anesthesia

A

Blocks multiple peripheral nerves, used when general can’t be used.

24
Q

Epidural

A

Waist down

25
Q

Conscious

A

Patient is not awake, in a sleepy state.

26
Q

Allergy that gives increased risk to allergy to iodine

A

Shellfish

27
Q

Incentive spirometer

A

Encourages patient to take deep breaths. Seal lips around mouthpiece, inhale spontaneously, & hold breath for 3-5 sec. for effective lung expansion. Atelectasis: collapse of alveolar

28
Q

Discharge planning

A

Begins in pre-op phase.

29
Q

Urine output

A

30 mL/hr

30
Q

Sickle cell

A

Recessive

31
Q

Huntington’s

A

Dominant

32
Q

How many chromosomes?

A

23

33
Q

Creatine level

A

0.5-1.2

34
Q

Peristalsis

A

A series of muscle contractions that occur in your digestive tract. Up to 24 hours after surgery.

35
Q

Respiratory system assessment

A
  • patient airway and adequate gas exchange
  • note artificial airway, when applicable
  • rate, pattern, and depth of breathing
  • breath sounds
  • snoring and stridor
  • respiratory depression or hypoxemia
36
Q

Cardio assessment

A
  • vital signs
  • heart sounds
  • cardiac monitoring
  • peripheral vascular assessment
37
Q

Neurologic system assessment

A

motor function- simple commands; patient to move extremities.

38
Q

Renal/ urinary system

A
  • check for urine retention
  • consider other sources of output like sweat, vomitus, or diarrhea stools
  • report urine output of <30 mL/hr
39
Q

Gastrointestinal system

A
  • 30% experience n/v after general anesthesia
  • peristalsis may be delayed up to 24hrs
  • monitor bowel sounds
40
Q

Skin assessment

A
  • normal wound healing

- ineffective wound healing can be seen most often between the 5th and 10th days after surgery

41
Q

Dehiscence

A

A partial or complete separation of the outer wound layers.

42
Q

Evisceration

A

A total separation of all wound layers and protrusion of internal organs through the open wound. `

43
Q

Rapid response

A

Save lives and decrease risk for harm by providing care to patients before a respiratory or cardiac arrest occurs.

fundamentals (3 decks)

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