Fundamentals Study Guide- Older Adults Ch. 14 Flashcards
Older adults are persons age_______?
65
Identify three myths regarding older adults:
A. Ill, disabled, and physically unattractive.
B. Forgetful, confused, rigid, bored, and unfriendly.
C. Mistaken ideas about living arrangements and finances.
This biological theory views aging as the result of random cellular damage that occurs over time. A. Nonstochastic theory B. Stochastic theory C. Disengagement theory D. Continuity Theory
B
This biological theory views aging as the result of genetically programmed physiological mechanism within the body that control the process of aging. A. Nonstochastic theory B. Active theory C. Continuity theory D. Disengagement theory
A
This psychosocial theory is the oldest; it states that aging individuals withdraw from customary roles and engage in more introspective, self-focused activities. A. Stochastic theory B. Disengagement theory C. Continuity theory D. Activity theory
B
This psychosocial theory states that continuation of activities performed during middle age is necessary for successful aging. A. Nonstochastic theory B. Continuity theory C. Disengagement theory D. Activity theory
D
This psychosocial theory states that personality remains the same and behavior becomes more predictable as people age. A. Nonstochastic theory B. Disengagement theory C. Continuity theory D. Activity theory
C
List the seven developmental tasks of older adults.
- Adjusting to decreasing health and physical strength.
- Adjusting to retirement and reduced or fixed income.
- Adjusting to the death of a spouse.
- Accepting oneself as aging person.
- Maintaining satisfactory living arrangements.
- Redefining relationships with adult children.
- Finding ways to maintain quality of life.
Identify the nine aspects of quality to consider when selecting a nursing home.
- It should not feel like a hospital.
- Staff should be actively assisting and interacting socially.
- It should encourage family involvement.
- The environment should be clean with ample lighting and minimal noise.
- Communication should be respectful and considerate.
- Staff should be attentive to resident requests.
- Medicare and Medicaid certified.
- There should be adequate, qualified staff members who have passed criminal background check.
- It should offer quality food and mealtime choices.
Nurses needs to take into account five key points to ensure an age-specific approach.
- The interrelation between physical and psychosocial aspects of aging.
- The effects of disease and disability on functional status.
- The decreased efficiency of homeostatic mechanisms.
- The lack of standards for health and illness norms.
- Altered presentations and response disease.
Identify the early indicators of an acute illness.
A. Change in mental status B. Falls C. Dehydration D. Decrease in appetite E. Loss of function F Dizziness and incontinence
Name this system: decreased estrogen production, atrophy of vagina, uterus, and breasts.
Reproductive
Name this system: pigmentation changes, glandular atrophy, thinning hair.
Integumentary
Name this system: decreased cough reflex and vital capacity, increased airway resistance.
Respiratory
Name this system: lower cardiac output, decreased baroreceptor sensitivity
Cardiovascular
Name this system: decrease in saliva, gastric secretions, and pancreatic enzymes.
Gastrointestinal
Name this system: decalcification of bones, degenerative changes dehydration of inter vertebral disks.
Musculoskeletal
Name this system: degeneration of nerve cells, decrease in neurotransmitters.
Neurologic
Name this system: presbyopia, presbycusis, decreased proprioception.
Sensory
Name this system: 50% decrease in renal blood flow, decreased bladder capacity.
Genitourinary
Name this system: decreased ability to respond to stress.
Endocrine
Functional status in older adults refers to:
refers to the capacity and safe performance of activities of daily living and is a sensitive indicator of health and illness.
Define delirium.
Is an acute confessional state that is potentially reversible and often has a physiological cause.
Define dementia.
Is a generalized impairment of intellectual functioning that interferes with social and occupational functioning.
Define depression.
Is not a normal part of aging. It is treatable with medication, psychotherapy, or a combination of both.
List the national initiative goals proposed for 2020.
A. Increase the number of older adults with one or more chronic conditions who report confidence in maintaining their conditions.
B. Reduce the proportion of older adults with one or more chronic conditions who report confidence in maintaining their conditions.
C. Reduce the number of ED visits caused by falls.
D. Increase the number of older adults who live at home but yet have unmet long-term services and support.
E. Increase the proportion of older adults with reduced physical or cognitive function who engage in light, moderate, or vigorous physical activities.
List general preventive measures to recommend to older adults.
A. Participation in screening activities B. Regular exercise C. Weight reduction D. Eating a low-fat, well-balanced diet E. Regular dental visits F. Smoking cessation G. Immunizations H. Moderate alcohol use
What is the leading cause of death?
Heart disease
What is the second most common cause of death?
Cancer
What is the third leading cause of death?
Stroke
This is a risk factor in the four most common causes of death.
Smoking
This is caused by depression, loneliness, and and lack of social support.
Alcohol abuse
What is situational factors and clinical conditions affect older adults’ needs.
Nutrition
What us the concurrent use of many medications?
Polypharmacy
Which statement describing delirium is correct?
- Symptoms of delirium are irreversible
- The onset of delirium is slow and insidious
- Symptoms of delirium are stable and unchanging
- Causes include electrolyte imbalances and cerebral anoxia.
- It potentially is a reversible cognitive impairment that often has physiological causes.
Nutritional needs of older adults:
- Include increased proteins and carbohydrates
- Are exactly the same as those of young and middle adults
- Include increased amounts of vitamin C, vitamin A, and calcium
- Include increased kilocalories to support metabolism and activity
- Beyond caloric requirements, therapeutic diets restrict fat, sodium, or simple sugars or increase fiber or foods high in calcium, iron, and vitamins A or C.
Ms. Dale states that she does not need the TV turned on because she cannot see very well. Normal visual changes in older adults include all of the following except:
- Double vision
- Sensitivity to glare
- Decreased visual acuity
- Decreased accommodation to darkness
- Often the result of retinal damage. reduced pupil size, development of opacities in the lens or loss pf lens elasticity.
Mr. DeLone states that he is worried about his parents’ plans to retire. All of the following would be appropriate responses regarding retirement of older adults except:
- Retirement may affect an individual’s physical and psychological functioning.
- Positive adjustment is often related to how much a person planned for the retirement
- Reactions to retirement are influenced by the importance that has been attached to the work role.
- Retirement for most persons represents a sudden shock that is irreversibly damaging to self-image and self-esteem
- It is stage of life characterized by transitions and role changes.
