Fundamentals Study Guide- Immobility Ch. 47 Flashcards

0
Q

What are bones jointed by bones with no movement.

A

Synostotic joint

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1
Q

What is caused by weakened bones?

A

Pathological fractures

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2
Q

What unites bony components, allowing bone growth and stability?

A

Cartilaginous joint

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3
Q

What unites bony components, allowing bone growth and stability?

A

Cartilaginous joint

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4
Q

Which joint has a ligament that unites two bony surfaces?

A

Fibrous joint

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5
Q

What is a freely movable joint, ball and socket joints?

A

Synovial joint

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6
Q

What has an increased muscle contraction that causes muscle shortening resulting in movement?

A

Concentric tension

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7
Q

What helps control the speed and direction of movement?

A

Eccentric tension

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8
Q

What is active movement between concentric and eccentric muscle actions?

A

Isotonic contraction

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9
Q

What causes an increase in muscle tension or muscle work but no shortening or active movement?

A

Isometric contraction

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10
Q

What induces or compels force?

A

Leverage

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11
Q

What is inclining of the head to affected side in which sternocleidomastoid muscle is contracted?

A

Torticollis

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12
Q

What is the exaggeration of anterior convex curve of lumbar spine?

A

Lordosis

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13
Q

What is increased convexity in curvature of thoracic spine?

A

Kyphosis

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14
Q

What is lateral s or l shaped spinal column with vertebral rotation?

A

Scoliosis

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15
Q

What is hip instability with limited abduction of hips and addiction contractures?

A

Congenital hip dysphasia

16
Q

What is when the legs curve inward so the knees come together as the person walks?

A

Knock knee

17
Q

What is when one or both legs are bent outward at knee, which is normal until 2-3 years of age?

A

Bowlegs

18
Q

What is 95% medial deviation and plantar flexion of foot and 5% lateral deviation and dorsiflexion?

A

Clubfoot

19
Q

What is the inability to dorsiflex and invert foot because of peroneal nerve damage?

A

Foot drop

20
Q

What is internal rotation of forefoot or entire foot; common in infants?

A

Pigeon toes

21
Q

Damage to a component of the CNS that regulates voluntary movement results in:

A

Impaired body alignment balance and mobility.

22
Q

Direct trauma to the musculoskeletal system results in:

A

Bruises, confusions, sprains and fractures.

23
Q

Identify the complications of immobility in relation to the metabolic functioning of the body.

A

Decreased metabolic rate, alters metabolism of CHOs, fats, and proteins, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, and GI disturbances.

24
Q

Name this respiratory change that occurs with immobility: collapsing of alveoli, decreased oxygenation and prolonged recovery periods.

A

Atelectasis

25
Q

Name this respiratory change that occurs with immobility: inflammation of the lung from stasis or pooling of secretions; decreased oxygenation, longer recovery time.

A

Hydrostatic pneumonia

26
Q

Name the cardiovascular change that occurs with immobility: increase of heart rate of more than 15% and a drop of 15 mmHg or more in BP.

A

Orthostatic hypotension

27
Q

Name the cardiovascular change that occurs with immobility: accumulation of platelets, fibrin, clotting factors and cellular elements of the blood attached to inner wall of vein or artery.

A

Thrombus

28
Q

Identify the complications of immobility in relation to the musculoskeletal system.

A
A. Loss of endurance, muscle mass, strength, decreased stability and balance. 
B. impaired calcium metabolism
C. Impaired joint mobility
D. Osteoporosis
E. joint contractors
F. Foot drop
29
Q

Identify the complications of immobility in relation to the urinary system.

A

A. Urinary stasis

B. renal calculi

30
Q

Give a description of the sims position.

A

Patient places the weight on the anterior ileum humerus and clavicle.

31
Q

Which of the following is a potential hazard that you should assess when the patient is in the prone position?

  1. Plantar flexion
  2. Increased cervical flexion
  3. Internal rotation of the shoulder
  4. Unprotected pressure points at the sacrum and heels.
A
  1. Foot drop. Allowing the foot to be dorsiflexed at the ankles prevents this.
32
Q

Which of the following is a physiological effect of prolonged bed rest?

  1. An increase in cardiac output
  2. A decrease in lean body mass
  3. A decrease in lung expansion
  4. A decrease in urinary excretion of nitrogen
A
  1. Immobility causing decreased lung elastic recoiling and secretions accumulating in portions of the lungs.
33
Q

All of the following measures are used to assess for deep vein thrombosis except:

  1. Checking for a positive Homans sign
  2. Asking the patient about the presence of calf pain.
  3. Observing the dorsal aspect of lower extremities for redness, warmth, and tenderness.
  4. Measuring the circumference of each leg daily, placing the tape measure at the midpoint of the knee.
A
  1. Need to measure bilateral calf circumference
34
Q

Which of the following is an appropriate intervention to maintain the respiratory system of the immobilized patient?

  1. Turn the patient every 4 hours
  2. Maintain a maximum fluid intake of 1500 mL/day
  3. Apply an abdominal binder continuously while the patient is in bed
  4. Encourage the patient to deep breathe and cough every 1 to 2 hours
A
  1. This technique produces a forceful, productive cough without excessive fatigue.