Fundamentals Quiz 5 Review Flashcards
Potassium
3.5 - 5 mEq/L
Sodium
136-145 mEq/L
Calcium
9-10.5 mg/dL
Magnesium
1.3-2.1 mEq/L
Chloride
98-106 mEq/L
Phosphorus
3-4.5 mEq/L
Hematocrit (HCT)
Men: 40-54%
Women: 36-48%
Normal blood osmolarity
275-295 mOsm/kg
Urine specific gravity
1.005-1.030
Hypokalemia
Shallow breathing, respiratory distress, weak irregular pulse, muscle cramping, muscle weakness, hypoactive, bowel sounds, constipation, NV, and abdominal distention
Hypercalcemia
Bone pain, decreased reflexes, dysrhythmias, NV, weakness, and confusion
Hypocalcemia
Diarrhea, numbness and tingling, weak threading pulse, abdominal cramping, hyperactive bowel sounds
Tremors: patients cannot get up alone because of safety
Hypernatremia
Orthostatic hypotension, Tachycardia, hyperthermia, fatigue, disorientation, seizures, thirst, dry sticky mucous membranes, hyperactive bowel sounds.
Hyponatremia
Hypothermia, tachycardia, rapid thready pulse, hypotension, headache, confusion, orthostatic hypotension, muscle weakness
Dehydration symptoms
Hypernatremia, dry mouth, cracked lips, thirst, dry mucous membranes, NV
Normal urine output
30 mL
Should be pale yellow
Normal ph range
7.35-7.45
Acidosis- ph
<7.35
Alkalosis-ph
> 7.45
CO2 normal range
35-45 mmHg
Acidosis- CO2
> 45 mmHg
Alkalosis- CO2
<35 mmHg
Normal HCO3 range
22-26 mEq/L
Acidosis - HCO3
<22 mEq/L
Alkalosis - HCO3
> 26 mEq/L
Respiratory acidosis
Increased CO2
Decreased pH
Respiratory alkalosis
Decreased CO2
Increased pH
Metabolic Acidosis
Decreased HCO3
Decreased pH
Metabolic alkalosis
Increased HCO3
Increased pH
Risk factors Hypovolemia
Excessive GI loss: Nasogastric suctioning, vomiting, diarrhea
Excessive skin loss: diaphoresis without water and fluid replacement
Excessive renal system losses: diuretic therapy, kidney disease, adrenal insufficiency
Third spacing: burns
Hemorrhage or plasma loss
Causes of dehydration
Hyperventilation or excessive perspiration without water replacement
Prolonged fever
Diabetic ketoacidosis
Insufficient water intake
Diabetes insipidas
Osmotic diuresis
Excessive intake of salt, salt tablets, or hypertonic IV fluids