Chapter 6 Health And Wellness

Question 1

Healthy People

Answer 1

Provides evidence-based 10 year national objectives for promoting health and preventing disease.

Affects overall health status of the nation.

Question 2

Leading health indicators (LHIs) examples

Answer 2

Access to health services
Injury and violence prevention
Maternal, infant, and child health

Question 3

Health definition

Answer 3

State of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.

Question 4

Health beliefs

Answer 4

A persons ideas, convictions, and attitudes abut health and illness

Question 5

Positive health behaviors

Answer 5

Immunizations
Proper sleep patterns
Adequate exercise
Stress management
Nutrition

Question 6

Negative health behaviors

Answer 6

Smoking
Drug or alcohol abuse
Poor diet
Refusing to take necessary medications

Question 7

Health belief model

Answer 7

Addresses the relationship between a person’s beliefs and behaviors.

Question 8

Holistic health model

Answer 8

The relationship between body, mind, and spirit affects a persons health.

Nurses use this alone or in conjunction with conventional medicine. (Eg. meditation)

Question 9

Internal variables

Answer 9

Developmental stage

Intellectual background

Perception of functioning

Emotional factors
Spiritual factors

Question 10

Developmental stage

Answer 10

: perceptions of health, illness, and health behaviors change overtime.

Question 11

Intellectual background

Answer 11

: Persons beliefs about health are shaped in part by knowledge or misinformation about body functions and illnesses … past experiences.

Question 12

Perception of functioning

Answer 12

:gather subjective data about the way a patient perceives physical functioning, such as level of fatigue, shortness of breath or pain.

Question 13

Emotional Factors

Answer 13

A patients degree of stress, depression, or fear influences health beliefs and practices.
How people handle stress throughout each phase of life influences their reaction to illness.

Question 14

Spiritual Factors

Answer 14

Reflected in how a person lives his or her life, including the values and beliefs exercise, the relationships establish with family and friends, and the ability to find hope and meaning in life.

Question 15

External Variables

Answer 15

Family Role and Practices
Social Determinants of Health

Question 16

Family Role and practices

Answer 16

Family influence how each member defines. Health and illness.
Example, a child whose parents believe in the importance eating healthy food vs those who have misconceptions and unhealthy perceptions about diet quality lead to obesity in their children.

Question 17

Social Determinants of Health

Answer 17

Health is determined by a person’s circumstances and environment.
economic stability
education
health and health care
social and community context
neighborhood and built environment

Question 18

Health Promotion

Answer 18

Helps individuals maintain or enhance their present health.

Question 19

Primary Prevention

Answer 19

True Prevention
Reduce the incidence of disease
- health education programs, nutritional programs, and physical fitness activities.
-Promoting hearing protection in occupational settings and providing education to reduce cardiac disease

Question 20

Secondary Prevention

Answer 20

Focus on preventing the spread of disease, illness, or infection once it occurs.
-Prompt intervention , reducing severity and enabling the patient to return to a normal level of health as early as possible
Ex: identifying ppl who have been exposed to a disease but do not have it yet or people who have a new case of a disease

Question 21

Tertiary prevention

Answer 21

Occurs when a defect or disability is permanent and irreversible.
Minimizing the effects of long-term disease or disability by interventions directed at preventing complications and deterioration.
- Rehabilitation rather than diagnosis and treatment.
Ex. Learning how to use a wheelchair and perform ADL

Question 22

Nonmodifiable Risk factors

Answer 22

Age
Gender
Genetics
Family history
All cannot be changed

Question 23

Modifiable Risk factors

Answer 23

Lifestyle practices and behaviors
-Poor nutrition, overeating, and insufficient rest and sleep
-Stess

Question 24

Stages of health behavior change

Answer 24

Precontemplation (no intent to make a change within the next 6 months)
Contemplation (Considering a change within the next 6 months)
Preparation (making small changes in prep for a change in next month)
Action (actively engage in strategies to change behavior; lasts up to 6 months)
Maintenance stage (sustained change over time; begins 6 months after action has started and continues indefinitely)

Question 25

Internal variables

Answer 25

Patients perceptions of symptoms and the nature of an illness
motivation to seek illness if they believe symptoms are serious or life threatening.

Question 26

External Variables

Answer 26

Influencing a patients illness behavior include the visibility of symptoms, social group, cultural background, economic variables, accessibility of the health care system, and social support.
- ex: a patient with a visible symptom is often more likely to seek assistance than a pt without.

Question 27

A patient discharged a week ago following a stroke is currently participating in rehabilitation sessions provided by nurses, physical therapists, and registered dietitians in an outpatient setting. In what level of prevention is the patient participating?

1. Primary prevention
2. Secondary prevention
3. Tertiary prevention
4. Transtheoretical prevention

Answer 27

3. Tertiary prevention

Question 28

Based on the Transtheoretical Model of Change, what is the most appropriate response to a patient who states: “Me, stop smoking? I’ve been smoking since I was 16!”

1. “That’s fine. Some people who smoke live a long life.”
2. “OK. I want you to decrease the number of cigarettes you smoke by one each day, and I’ll see you in 1 month.”
3. “What do you think is the greatest reason why stopping smoking would be challenging for you?”
4. “I’d like you to attend a smoking-cessation class this week and use nicotine replacement patches as directed.”

Answer 28

3. “What do you think is the greatest reason why stopping smoking would be challenging for you?”

Question 29

A nurse working on a medical patient care unit states, “I am having trouble sleeping, and I eat nonstop when I get home. All I can think of when I get to work is how I can’t wait for my shift to be over. I wish I felt happy again.” What are the best responses from the nurse manager? (Select all that apply.)

1. “I’m sure this is just a phase you are going through. Hang in there. You’ll feel better soon.”
2. “I know several nurses who feel this way every now and then. Tell me about the patients you have cared for recently. Did you find it difficult to care for them?”
3. “You can take diphenhydramine over the counter to help you sleep at night.”
4. “Describe for me what you do with your time when you are not working.”
5. “The hospital just started a group where nurses get together to talk about their feelings. Would you like for me to e-mail the schedule to you?”

Answer 29

2,4,5

Question 30

A patient has been laid off from his construction job and has many unpaid bills. He is going through a divorce from his marriage of 15 years and has been praying daily to help him through this difficult time. He does not have a primary health care provider because he has never really been sick, and his parents never took him to a physician when he was a child. Which external variables influence the patient’s health practices? (Select all that apply.)

1. Difficulty paying his bills
2. Praying daily
3. Age of patient (46 years)
4. Stress from the divorce and the loss of a job
5. Family practice of not routinely seeing a health care provider

Answer 30

1, 5
External variables include economic stability and health care
Internal is beliefs and emotional factors such as stress

Question 31

A nurse is conducting a home visit with a new mom and her three children. While in the home the nurse weighs each family member and reviews their 3-day food diary. She checks the mom’s blood pressure and encourages the mom to take the children for a 15- to 30-minute walk every day. The nurse is addressing which level of need, according to Maslow?

1. Physiological
2. Safety and security
3. Love and belonging
4. Self-actualization

Answer 31

1. Physiological

Question 32

When taking care of patients, a nurse routinely asks whether they take any vitamins or herbal medications, encourages family members to bring in music that the patient likes to help the patient relax, and frequently prays with her patients if that is important to them. The nurse is practicing which model?

1. Holistic
2. Health belief
3. Transtheoretical
4. Health promotion

Answer 32

1. Holistic

The relationship between body, mind, and spirit affects a persons health.

Question 33

Using the Transtheoretical Model of Change, order the steps that a patient goes through to make a lifestyle change related to physical activity.
80

1. The individual recognizes that he is out of shape when his daughter asks him to walk with her after school.
2. Eight months after beginning walking, the individual participates with his wife in a local 5K race.
3. The individual becomes angry when the physician tells him that he needs to increase his activity to lose 30 lb.
4. The individual walks 2 to 3 miles, 5 nights a week, with his wife.
5. The individual visits the local running store to purchase walking shoes and obtain advice on a walking plan.

Answer 33

3, 1, 5, 4, 2

Question 34

Which of the following are symptoms of secondary traumatic stress and burnout that commonly affect nurses? (Select all that apply.)

1. Regular participation in a book club
2. Lack of interest in exercise
3. Difficulty falling asleep
4. Lack of desire to go to work
5. Anxiety while working

Answer 34

2, 3, 4, 5

Question 35

As part of a faith community nursing program in her church, a nurse is developing a health promotion program on breast self-examination for the women’s group. Which statement made by one of the participants is related to the individual’s accurate perception of susceptibility to an illness?

1. “I have a door hanging tag in my bathroom to remind me to do my breast self-examination monthly.”
2. “Since my mother had breast cancer, I know that I am at increased risk for developing breast cancer.”
3. “Since I am only 25 years of age, the risk of breast cancer for me is very low.”
4. “I participate every year in our local walk/run to raise money for breast cancer research.”

Answer 35

2. “Since my mother had breast cancer, I know that I am at increased risk for developing breast cancer.”

Question 36

The nurse assesses the risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD) in a female patient. Which of these factors are classified as genetic and physiological? (Select all that apply.)

1. Sedentary lifestyle
2. Mother died from CAD at age 48
3. History of hypertension
4. Eats diet high in sodium
5. Elevated cholesterol level

Answer 36

2, 3, 5