Fundamentals Online Flashcards & Quiz
Botrytis cinerea is also known as…
Noble Rot or Pourriture Noble
What are the three levels of the French Wine Quality pyramid?
AOC/AOP, IGP, Vins sans IG (Vin de France)
What are basal buds?
On a shoot, basal buds are those closest to the trunk.
What is the difference between conventional and sustainable farming practices?
Conventional farming practices rely heavily upon agrochemicals; sustainable farming methods use agrochemicals more discriminately.
T or F: Grapes are described as early-to-late ripeners relative to the harvest date of Chasselas?
True
Above what temperature would a vine stop photosynthesizing?
35c
Below what temperature would a vine stop photosynthesizing?
10c
T or F: Phylloxera is indigenous to Europe.
False. It is indigenous to North America.
Powdery Mildew is also known by what name?
Oidium
Downy Mildew is also known by what name?
Peronospera
A Pet-Nat is made via what production method?
Methode Ancestrale
What sparkling wine production method involves just one fermentation?
Methode Ancestrale
What is a synonym for Melon de Bourgogne?
Muscadet
Define “monopole”
A vineyard with a single owner.
Name the 3 most commonly grown grapes in northeastern France during the Middle Ages…
Pinot, Savagnin and Gouais Blanc.
The world “meunier” translates as…
“Miller.” The grape is so named because the underside of the leaves appear as though dusted with flour.
Malbec is a natural cross of what two grapes?
Prunelard x Magdeleine noire des Charentes
What does VDN stand for?
Vin Doux Naturel
Name the process by which neutral grape spirit is added to a fermenting must
Mutage
What French city was home to the coronation of French Kings?
Reims
Define “ban des vendages”
The official picking date as prescribed by government officials.
What is the longest River in France?
Loire
What climatic event in 1956 dramatically changed viticulture in France?
The Great Winter Freeze of 1956.
What is Mistral?
A cold, north wind largely impacting the Rhone Valley and Provence.
What is the Tramontane?
A cold, northwind largely impacting Languedoc and Roussillon.
The Phocaeans founded what important city in the south of France?
Marseille
What was the traditional language of the Languedoc?
Occitan
Cabernet Sauvignon is the natural cross of what 2 grapes?
Cabernet Franc x Sauvignon Blanc
Syrah is a natural cross of what two grapes?
Mondeuse Blanche x Dureza
Chardonnay is a natural cross of what 2 grapes?
Pinot x Gouais Blanc
What 3 varities of Muscat grow in France?
Muscat a Petit Grains, Muscat d’Alexandrie, Muscat Ottonel.
Define “Diurnal”
Daily; of each day e.g. diurnal temperature swing.
What river cuts through the vineyards of Champange, as well as the city of Paris?
The Seine
In French, a river that flows into a body of water like a sea or lake is called what?
A Fleuve
In French, a river that flows into another river is called what?
A Riviere
Define the Napoleonic Code of Inheritance
A decree that mandated all inheritable property by evenly dividied between each child in the family.
What historically importance project first connected Toulouse to the Mediterranean?
The Canal de Midi
Define “Bordeaux Mixture”
a Copper sulfate solution used to combat fungal diseases.
What are the two governing bodies for biodynamic farming practices?
Demeter (founded in Germany) and Biodyvin (founded in France); Viodyvin certifies vineyards only.
Define “coulure”
Poor fruit set caused by cloudy, cold and/or wet weather at flowering
Define “veraison”
The point at which berries change color and soften.
Define “marcottage”
Vine propagation by layering
T or F: Guyot is a form of cane training
True
T or F: Cordon is a form of cane training
False: It is a form of spur training
What is the French term of a bush trained vine?
Gobelet
Define “must”
Unfermented grape juice.
Define “debourbage”
Juice Settling
In the 14th century, the Papacy moved its headquarters from Rome to what French city?
Avignon, in the Rhone Valley
What historical figure first united Gaul under one rule and one religion?
Clovis, King of the Franks
Define “transversage”
Process in which 750ml bottles of champange are used to fill larger/smaller bottles after disgorgment.
Define “dosage”
A mix of still wine and sugar added to a bottle of sparkling wine after disgorgement; determines final sweetness level.
Define “pupitres”
The traditional A-framed structures used in the champagne riddling process.
Define “remuage”
The process by which lees are moved to the neck of the sparkling wine bottle in preparation for disgorgement; also known as riddling.
Define “prise de mouse”
“The seizing of the foam,” i.e. the second fermentation in traditional method sparkling wine production.
Define “sur lattes”
The placement of the sparkling wine bottles o their side between lattes, i.e. thin pieces of wood; the 2nd fermentaion takes place at this stage.
Define “sur lie” aging
The process of aging wine contact with its dead yeast cells.
Define “autolysis”
The decomposition of dead yeast cells.
Define “Claret”
British term of the red wines of Bordeaux
A wine display at the Exposition Universelle of 1855 in Paris resulted in what famous document?
The Classification of 1855
Define “graben”
A rift valley created when land sinks between two parallel faults.
As a general rule, grapes are picked how many days after veraison?
45
Define “maceration peliculaire”
Skin contact in white wine making.
What production method utilizes an anerobic environment to encourage an enzymatic fermentation?
Carbonic Maceration
What is the name for the process of adding sugar to a must to increase the final alcohol level?
Chaptalization
Define “stuck Fermentation”
A fermentation that accidentally stops before all of the sugar has been converted to alcohol.
Define “lees”
Dead yeast cells.
Define “batonnage”
Lees stirring
What is the name for the conversion of malic acid to lactic acid?
Malolactic conversion
Bentonite, Casein and Gelatin are common agents in what process?
Fining
What is the name for the “bleeding method” of rose production?
Saignee
Why might a winemaker cold stabilize their wine?
To remove tartaric acid before bottling so that is does not precipitate out after bottling.
What people introduced formal viticulture to the Celtic tribes of “Gaul”?
Phocaeans, Greeks from Asia Minor
Define “bonbonnes”
Glass demi-johns
Define “pigeage”
Punching down the cap; a cap management technique
Define “delestage”
Rack and return; a cap management technique.
Define “remontage”
Pump over; a cap management technique
Define “vin de goutte”
Free-run juice
