Fundamentals of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior Flashcards
An operant that occurs more frequently under some antecedent conditions than others.
a.) negative operant
b.) discriminated operant
c.) neutral operant
d.) contingency operant
e.) indirect operant
b.) discriminated operant
other feedback:
negative operant
Feedback: An operant refers to a learned behavior. While an operant behavior can be learned through a negative reinforcement procedure, it is not considered a negative operant.
neutral operant
Feedback: An operant refers to a learned behavior. A neutral operant is not a term commonly used in ABA.
contingency operant
Feedback: An operant refers to a learned behavior. An operant can be part of the three-term ABC contingency. However, it is not referred to as a contingency operant.
indirect operant
Feedback: An operant refers to a learned behavior. It can be part of the three-term ABC contingency which shapes behavior directly or indirectly (an indirect or direct acting contingency). However, it is not referred to as an indirect operant.
A stimulus in the presence of which responses of some type have been reinforced and in the absence of which the same type of responses have occurred and not been reinforced.
a.) neutral stimulus
b.) antecedent stimulus
c.) discriminative stimulus
d.) negative stimulus
e.) contingency stimulus
c.) discriminative stimulus
other feedback:
neutral stimulus
Feedback: This is a stimulus change that does not elicit a respondent behavior, but may be used for a stimulus-stimulus pairing procedure.
antecedent stimulus
Feedback: The environmental change that occurs in close proximity before a behavior. An antecedent stimulus can become a discriminative stimulus (Sd) through a history of reinforcement.
negative stimulus
Feedback: This is not a term commonly used in ABA. Rather, you might see the term aversive stimulus, which refers to a stimulus change or condition that functions to evoke a behavior that has terminated it in the past, as a punisher when presented following behavior, and/or as a reinforcer when withdrawn following behavior.
contingency stimulus
Feedback: This is not a term commonly used in ABA. However, a stimulus can be part of a contingency.
A motivating operation that increases the effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event as a reinforcer.
a.) reinforcing operation
b.) antecedent operation
c.) positive operation
d.) contingency operation
e.) establishing operation
e. establishing operation
other feedback:
reinforcing operation
Feedback: This is not a common term. The more common term is reinforcement operation, an operation that follows a behavior and therefore increases the future likelihood of the occurrence of the behavior under similar conditions.
antecedent operation
Feedback: This is not a common term. The more common term is antecedent intervention, an intervention that operates on the antecedent component of the ABC contingency.
positive operation
Feedback: This is not a common term. Positive usually describes a reinforcer or reinforcement operation.
contingency operation
Feedback: This is not a common term. Evaluating the function of a three-term ABC contingency can be enhanced by including information on the preceding motivating operation.
A relationship between a behavior and an environmental event (or events) in which the occurrence of the behavior is controlled by the occurrence of the environmental event.
a.) functional relationship
b.) parsimony
c.) explanatory fiction
d.) contingency operation
e.) respondent extinction
a.) functional relationship
other feedback:
parsimony
Feedback: This refers to the principle that simple explanations should be ruled out before looking to more complex explanations.
explanatory fiction
Feedback: A hypothetical variable that takes the form of another name for the phenomenon that it does little to explain.
contingency operation
Feedback: This is not a common term. A contingency can be part of an operation though, as in a reinforcement operation.
respondent extinction
Feedback: This is a procedure where a conditioned stimulus is no longer paired, or presented alongside, the unconditioned stimulus. This results in the conditioned stimulus losing its ability to elicit the conditioned response.
A response that results in the same reinforcing outcome as an alternative response. The response serves the same function as the alternative response.
a.) functionally equivalent
b.) contingency reversal
c.) reinforcer equivalency
d.) response equivalency
e.) indirect functional assessment
a.) functionally equivalent
other feedback:
contingency reversal
Feedback: This occurs during an assessment when one contingency is replaced by another. The outcome or consequence is different during a contingency reversal.
reinforcer equivalency
Feedback: This is not a term used in ABA.
response equivalency
Feedback: This is not a term commonly used in ABA. Similar responses form a response class, but may not result in the same reinforcing outcomes.
indirect functional assessment
Feedback: During an assessment, we could gather information about the function of the behavior that would not include directly observing the individual. The function of the behavior is the reason the behavior occurs.
A relatively permanent change in an organism’s repertoire of MO, stimulus, and response relations, caused by reinforcement, punishment, an extinction procedure, or a recovery from punishment procedure.
a.) function-altering effect
b.) evocative effect
c.) abative effect
d.) reinforcer-abolishing effect
e.) behavior-altering effect
a.) function-altering effect
other feedback:
evocative effect
Feedback: An evocative effect is a behavior-altering effect that occurs when the value of a reinforcer increases.
abative effect
Feedback: An abative effect is a behavior-altering effect that occurs when the value of a reinforcer decreases.
reinforcer-abolishing effect
Feedback: This effect involves the decrease in reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus.
behavior-altering effect
Feedback: A behavior-altering-effect increases or decreases the current frequency (only) of behaviors based on the change in the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus.
An increase in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by the stimulus that is increased in reinforcing effectiveness by the same motivating operation.
a.) behavior-altering effect
b.) function-altering effect
c.) abative effect
d.) evocative effect
e.) reinforcer-abolishing effect
d.) evocative effect
other feedback:
behavior-altering effect
Feedback: Behavior altering effects either evoke or abate behaviors. This could be considered an “umbrella” term for two specific types of behavior-altering effects.
function-altering effect
Feedback: A function-altering effect is a permanent change, which would increase or decrease more than just the current frequency of behavior.
abative effect
Feedback: An abative effect is a decrease in the current frequency of behavior.
reinforcer-abolishing effect
Feedback: When the value of a reinforcer decreases, we see a decrease in the current frequency of behavior.
A decrease in the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event caused by a motivating operation.
a.) abative effect
b.) reinforcer-establishing effect
c.) evocative effect
d.) reinforcer-abolishing effect
e.) behavior-altering effect
d.) reinforcer-abolishing effect
other feedback:
abative effect
Feedback: This is the effect on behavior that occurs when the value of a reinforcer decreases.
reinforcer-establishing effect
Feedback: Note that when an establishing effect is present, an increase in the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event occurs.
evocative effect
Feedback: This is the effect on behavior that occurs when the value of a reinforcer increases.
behavior-altering effect
Feedback: The two types of behavior-altering effects that are seen with MOs are evocative and abative effects. When the reinforcing effectiveness increases or decreases, behavior-altering effects occur.
A motivating operation that decreases the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event.
a.) conditioned motivating operation
b.) antecedent operation
c.) abolishing operation
d.) establishing operation
e.) abative effect
c.) abolishing operation
other feedback:
conditioned motivating operation
Feedback: A conditioned motivating operation’s value-altering effect depends on a history of past reinforcement.
antecedent operation
Feedback: The antecedent is the stimulus or environmental factor that is present immediately before the target behavior.
establishing operation
Feedback: Note that an establishing operation increases the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, objective, or event.
abative effect
Feedback: Note that an abative effect (behavior-altering effect) occurs when there is a decrease in the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event.
An alteration in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by the stimulus that is altered in effectiveness by the same motivating operation.
a.) value-altering effect
b.) abative effect
c.) behavior-altering effect
d.) evocative effect
e.) function-altering effect
c.) behavior-altering effect
other feedback:
value-altering effect
Feedback: This increases or decreases the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event.
abative effect
Feedback: This is a very specific type of behavior-altering effect. An abative effect produces a decrease in the current frequency of behavior.
evocative effect
Feedback: This is a very specific type of behavior-altering effect. An evocative effect produces an increase in the current frequency of behavior.
function-altering effect
Feedback: While the function of a behavior can change, we only evaluate the behavior- and value- altering effects of the stimulus.
A decrease in the current frequency of behavior that has been reinforced by the stimulus that is increased in reinforcing effectiveness by the same motivating operation.
a.) evocative effect
b.) abative effect
c.) behavior-altering effect
d.) value-altering effect
e.) function-altering effect
b.) abative effect
other feedback:
evocative effect
Feedback: This is an increase in the current frequency of a behavior.
behavior-altering effect
Feedback: These effects increase or decrease the momentary frequency of the behavior.
value-altering effect
Feedback: This increases or decreases the value of a reinforcer, which leads to an evocative or abative effect on behavior.
function-altering effect
Feedback: Although the function of a behavior can change, we identify the behavior- and value-altering effects of motivating operations.
A motivating operation whose value-altering effect depends on a learning history.
a.) abolishing operation
b.) evocative effect
c.) antecedent operation
d.) establishing operation
e.) conditioned motivating operation
e.) conditioned motivating operation
other feedback:
abolishing operation
Feedback: This is a specific value-altering effect which decreases the value of a reinforcer.
evocative effect
Feedback: This is a behavior-altering effect that a motivating operation produces.
antecedent operation
Feedback: While information about antecedents is important, an antecedent “operation” is not identified when analyzing motivating operations.
establishing operation
Feedback: This is a specific value-altering effect which increases the value of a reinforcer.
The state of an organism with respect to how much time has elapsed since it has consumed or contacted a particular type of reinforcer.
a.) conditioned stimulus
b.) punishment
c.) unconditioned reinforcer
d.) deprivation
e.) contingency
d.) deprivation
other feedback:
conditioned stimulus
Feedback: This is something in the environment that results in a response after prior respondent conditioning procedures (pairing with another stimulus that already evokes a response).
punishment
Feedback: This refers to an operation that occurs when a stimulus changes follows a behavior, and as a result the behavior is less likely to occur under similar circumstances in the future.
unconditioned reinforcer
Feedback: This is a reinforcer that increases the future frequency of a behavior which it follows, without any prior learning history.
contingency
Feedback: This refers to the relationship between multiple stimuli or events. The three-term ABC contingency is a commonly considered contingency in ABA. However, motivating operations, which are related to states of deprivation and satiation, impact the contingency.
An environmental variable that (a) alters (increases or decreases) the reinforcing or punishing effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event; and (b) alters (increases or decreases) the current frequency of all behavior that has been reinforced or punished by that stimulus, object, or event.
a.) motivating operation
b.) operant conditioning
c.) neutral stimulus
d.) negative stimulus
e.) operational stimulus
a.) motivating operation
other feedback:
operant conditioning
Feedback: Operant conditioning involves changing behavior through the processes of reinforcement or punishment procedures. Motivating operations are likely to be a part of these procedures.
neutral stimulus
Feedback: This is a stimulus change that does not elicit a respondent behavior. It is not part of the motivating operations process.
negative stimulus
Feedback: The more common term used in ABA is aversive stimulus, which refers to an unpleasant stimulus. This can have an effect on the future probability of behavior when presented or removed.
operational stimulus
Feedback: This is not a term commonly used in the field of ABA. A stimulus is any change in the environment that affects the organism (such as what it sees, hears, feels, or tastes), but it is not preceded by the word operational.
Part of the habit reversal procedure used to increase the likelihood that the client will use the competing response outside the treatment sessions to control the habit.
a.) rule-governed behavior
b.) motivation strategy
c.) controlled behavior
d.) controlling behavior
e.) goal setting
b.) motivation strategy
other feedback:
rule-governed behavior
Feedback: This is behavior that is controlled by a verbal statement about a contingency between the behavior and a consequence.
controlled behavior
Feedback: This is the target behavior that is influenced in a self-management project.
controlling behavior
Feedback: The use of self-management strategies in which the antecedents and consequences of a target behavior and/or alternative behaviors are modified.
goal setting
Feedback: This is a self-management strategy in which the person decides on and writes down the desired level of the target behavior he or she hopes to achieve as a result of self-management procedures.
A stimulus that acquires its MO effectiveness by being paired with another MO and has the same value-altering and behavior-altering effects as the MO with which it was paired.
a.) unconditioned motivating operation
b.) transitive conditioned motivating operation
c.) establishing operation
d.) surrogate conditioned motivating operation
e.) abolishing operation
d.) surrogate conditioned motivating operation
other feedback:
unconditioned motivating operation
Feedback: An unconditioned motivating operation’s effects do not depend on a learning history.
transitive conditioned motivating operation
Feedback: A transitive conditioned motivating operation is an environmental event that establishes or abolishes the reinforcing effectiveness of another stimulus that changes behavior.
establishing operation
Feedback: This is a general term for when the value of a reinforcer increases.
abolishing operation
Feedback: This is a general term for when the value of the reinforcer is decreased.
An environmental variable that, as a result of a learning history, establishes (or abolishes) the reinforcing effectiveness of another stimulus and evokes (or abates) the behavior that has been reinforced by that other stimulus.
a.) abative operation
b.) abolishing operation
c.) establishing operation
d.) unconditioned motivating operation
e.) transitive conditioned motivating operation
e.) transitive conditioned motivating operation
other feedback:
abative operation
Feedback: This is a specific effect (decrease) in behavior when the value of a reinforcer decreases.
abolishing operation
Feedback: An abolishing operation is in effect when the value of a reinforcer decreases.
establishing operation
Feedback: An establishing operation is in effect when the value of a reinforcer increases.
unconditioned motivating operation
Feedback: An unconditioned motivating operation’s effects do not depend on a learning history.
A schedule of reinforcement in which reinforcement (a) follows each occurrence of the target behavior that is separated from the previous response by a minimum interresponse time (IRT), or (b) is contingent on the number of responses within a period of time not exceeding a predetermined criterion.
a.) differential reinforcement of alternative behavior
b.) differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior
c.) differential reinforcement of low rates
d.) differential reinforcement of high rates
e.) differential reinforcement of other behavior
c.) differential reinforcement of low rates
other feedback:
differential reinforcement of alternative behavior
Feedback: The main goal of DRA is to increase a desirable behavior.
differential reinforcement of incompatible behavior
Feedback: The main goal of DRI is to substitute the target behavior with a behavior that cannot occur simultaneously.
differential reinforcement of high rates
Feedback: The main goal of DRH is to increase the rate of a target behavior to an acceptable level.
differential reinforcement of other behavior
Feedback: The main goal of DRO is to eliminate behavior.
An increase in the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event caused by a motivating operation.
a.) reinforcer-establishing effect
b.) behavior-altering effect
c.) discriminative stimulus
d.) abative effect
e.) evocative effect
a.) reinforcer-establishing effect
other feedback:
behavior-altering effect
Feedback: When the reinforcing effectiveness of a stimulus, object, or event changes, a behavior-altering effect occurs.
discriminative stimulus
Feedback: The discriminative stimulus signals the availability of reinforcement when a specific response occurs.
abative effect
Feedback: The abative effect is the effect on behavior that occurs when the value of a reinforcer decreases.
evocative effect
Feedback: The evocative effect is the specific effect on behavior when the value of a reinforcer increases.
A decrease in responsiveness to repeated presentations of a stimulus.
a.) respondent extinction
b.) habituation
c.) discrimination stimulant
d.) explanatory fiction
e.) selection by consequences
b.) habituation
other feedback:
respondent extinction
Feedback: This is a procedure where a conditioned stimulus is no longer paired, or presented alongside, the unconditioned stimulus. This results in the conditioned stimulus losing its ability to elicit the conditioned response.
discrimination stimulant
Feedback: This is not a term commonly used in ABA. Discriminative stimulus is the more common term, referring to an established stimulus that evokes a predictable response as a result of learning history.
explanatory fiction
Feedback: A hypothetical variable that takes the form of another name for the phenomenon that it does little to explain.
selection by consequences
Feedback: The principle that all forms of learned behavior are the result of interactions with consequences during one’s lifetime.
States that a behavior that produces a favorable effect on the environment will be more likely to be repeated in the future.
a.) limited hold
b.) law of effect
b.) law of effect
other feedback:
limited hold
Feedback: This term describes a situation in which reinforcement is available only during a finite time following the elapse of an FI or VI interval. If the target response does not occur within the time limit, reinforcement is withheld, and a new interval begins.
The allocation of responses to choices available on concurrent schedules of reinforcement. Rates of responding across choices are distributed in proportions that match the rates of reinforcement received from each choice alternative.
a.) matching law
b.) multiple schedule
c.) limited hold
d.) Premack principle
e.) mixed schedule
a.) matching law
other feedback:
multiple schedule
Feedback: In multiple schedules of reinforcement, compound reinforcement schedules can occur randomly and are not distributed in proportion as the provided definition suggests.
limited hold
Feedback: This term describes a situation in which reinforcement is available only during a finite time following the elapse of an FI or VI interval. If the target response does not occur within the time limit, reinforcement is withheld, and a new interval begins.
Premack principle
Feedback: According to the Premack principle, the opportunity to engage in a high-probability behavior can occur once a low-probability behavior has been completed. This is not the best fit for the definition provided.
mixed schedule
Feedback: Mixed schedule refers to a compound schedule of reinforcement.
and the behaviors needed to achieve those outcomes.
a.) target behavior
.
b.) satiation
c.) push pin
d.) pinpointing
e.) shaping
d.) pinpointing
other feedback:
target behavior
Feedback: The behavior selected for change.
satiation
Feedback: This is a condition that occurs when repeated exposure to a reinforcing consequence results in loss of the reinforcing quality.
push pin
Feedback: This is not a term in ABA or OBM.
shaping
Feedback: This refers to the reinforcement of successive approximations to a target behavior.
A type of positive reinforcement in which the opportunity to engage in a high-probability behavior is made contingent on the occurrence of a low-probability behavior to increase the low-probability behavior.
a.) response-deprivation hypothesis
b.) Premack principle
c.) limited hold
d.) automatic reinforcement
e.) differential reinforcement
b.) Premack principle
other feedback:
response-deprivation hypothesis
Feedback: This is a model for predicting whether contingent access to one behavior will function as reinforcement for engaging in another behavior, based on whether access to the contingent behavior represents a restriction of the activity compared to the baseline level of engagement.
limited hold
Feedback: Limited hold defines a situation in which reinforcement is available only during a finite time following the elapse of an FI or VI interval. In the definition provided, reinforcement can occur at any time the response requirements are in effect.
automatic reinforcement
Feedback: In automatic reinforcement, reinforcement is achieved as a result of the organism’s own behavior and is not delivered from external means.
differential reinforcement
Feedback: This describes a procedure in which a specific desirable behavior is followed by a reinforcer but other behaviors are not. The result is an increase in the desirable behavior and extinction of the other behaviors. The definition provided relates to reinforcement but not extinction.
A single instance of an occurrence of a specific class or type of behavior.
a.) antecedent
b.) repertoire
c.) experiment
d.) replication
e.) response
e.) response
other feedback:
antecedent
Feedback: The first term in the three-term ABC contingency. The antecedent comes immediately before the behavior. The second term, behavior, is also known as the response.
repertoire
Feedback: All of the behaviors a person can do. The repertoire is a compilation of all responses.
experiment
Feedback: The scientific procedure of testing and evaluation. Experiments are conducted in ABA.
replication
Feedback: This is the repeating of conditions or a whole experiment to determine if the findings will be the same and therefore hold valid.
Progressive (and ultimately total) loss of effectiveness of a reinforcer.
a.) explanatory fiction
b.) extinction
c.) satiation
d.) habituation
e .) neutral entity
c.) satiation
other feedback:
explanatory fiction
Feedback: A hypothetical variable that takes the form of another name for the phenomenon that it does little to explain.
extinction
Feedback: This is the discontinuing of reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior. The withholding of this reinforcer is likely to create a condition of deprivation, as opposed to satiation.
habituation
Feedback: A decrease in a response to a repeated stimulus. Responsiveness can change as a result of reinforcer satiation.
neutral entity
Feedback: “Neutral” refers to a stimulus that does not have a history of evoking a response.
