Fundamentals Of Operating System Flashcards
What is an operating system?
Operating system is a set of programs containing instructions that co-ordinate all the activities of a computer.
What operating system was used when computer was first introduced?
Command line operating system (MS-DOS)
Which operating system was later introduced?
Graphic user interface based operating system.
Examples of operating system?
Unix, MS dos, MS Windows 10, OS / 2, and mac OS
Operating system hides _______ of the hardware resources from the user.
Details
Operating system provides users a _________ interface to use the computer system
Convenient
Operating system managers _________ resources and _________ installed on your computer
Hardware and software
Operating system transfer programs between _________ and _________
Secondary storage and main memory
Operating system managers and controls common _________computer functions
Hardware
Operating system provides ________capabilities
Networking.
Operating system managers _________task
Processing
It provides _________ facilities
Protection
Operating system provides _________ and _________ sharing of resources among uses and program
Efficient and fair
List functions of operating system.
Memory management input output management
files management
resource Management
user management
What type of memory does operating system manage?
Operating system managers main memory (primary memory - RAM, ROM)
How is memory divided and located?
Memory is divided in small parts called bytes and each byte has an address.
What does processor use memory for?
Processor uses memory to run programme smoothly and efficiently.
What does operating system track in memory management?
It keeps tracks of the primary memory (what part of it is in used by whom what part is not in use).
What does operating system do when a program request for memory?
When a program request for memory it allocates the memory (it also decide which memory should be allocated to which program and how much memory should be allocated)
What does operating system do to check memory status?
Operating system decide which memory should be allocated to which program and how much memory should be allocated and how many uses must be given access to check the memory status.
What responsibilities are handled by operating system?
Operating system handles the responsibility of storing data, system programs and user programs in memory.
What does operating system do to programs when they are no longer required?
Operating system monitors programs in memory and clear them from memory when they are no longer required by CPU.
What does the OS do with devices?
It manages and controls them.
How does the OS talk to devices?
It uses drivers.
What tracks connected devices?
The OS tracks them.
What is an I/O controller?
It controls input and output devices.
How does the OS decide which device works first?
It follows task priority.
Why is device scheduling needed?
To handle many tasks at once.
What does the OS do with user input?
It sends it to the right device.
How does the OS get the right output?
It manages devices properly.
What does the OS do with files?
It helps manage them.
What can you do with files using the OS?
Move
Where are files stored?
On storage devices.
How does the OS organize files?
In folders and subfolders.
Who decides who can access files?
The OS does.
What does the OS track?
File locations and usage.
What does the OS do with storage devices?
It helps transfer files.
What does the file system look like?
A tree with folders and subfolders.
What does the OS manage?
CPU
What is a process?
A running program.
What does the OS give to processes?
Memory and resources.
When does the OS allocate resources?
When a process starts or runs.
What does the OS do with processes?
It schedules and manages them.
What does scheduling mean?
Deciding when a process runs.
What happens if the system fails?
The OS provides recovery.
How does the OS protect files?
It provides backup.
What are common types of operating system interfaces?
Command line interface (CLI)
Menu driven interface (MDI)
Graphical user interface (GUI)
What does the OS do for security?
It protects user data.
How does the OS prevent unauthorized access?
With passwords.
What happens if someone tries to open a protected file?
The OS asks for a password.
How can a user protect files?
By assigning passwords.
What else does the OS protect?
The whole system.
Why does the OS check logins?
To allow only authorized users.
What does MDI stand for?
Menu driven interface
What is CLI?
A way to control a computer by typing commands.
How do users give commands in CLI?
By typing them.
Is CLI faster or slower than GUI?
Faster.
Why is CLI harder to use?
Users must memorize commands.
What are examples of CLI systems?
DOS and UNIX.
Does CLI use a mouse?
No
What does DOS stand for?
Disk Operating System.
Was DOS a graphical or non-graphical OS?
Non-graphical.
What type of system was DOS made for?
IBM-compatible computers.
Is DOS still commonly used today?
No
What does the command “C:> DIR” do?
Shows files.
How do you open Command Prompt in Windows?
Start Menu > Windows System > Command Prompt.
When was Unix developed?
In the 1960s.
Who developed Unix?
Bell Labs.
What type of OS is Unix?
A command-driven
What does MDI stand for?
“Menu-Driven Interface.”
How does MDI work?
“It uses menus instead of command lines.”
What is the benefit of MDI?
“Users don’t need to memorize commands.”
What is the downside of a command-line interface?
“It requires memorization.”
Where is MDI commonly used?
“ATMs, information booths.”
What is Novell NetWare?
“An old menu-driven OS.”
When was Novell NetWare developed?
“In 1983.”
What type of OS is Novell NetWare?
A network operating system.
What does GUI stand for?
“Graphical User Interface.”
How does GUI work?
“It uses graphics, icons, and buttons for navigation instead of text commands.”
Is GUI user-friendly?
“Yes, it is easy to use.”
What are examples of GUI operating systems?
“Windows, Macintosh, Linux.”
What is Ubuntu?
“An open-source GUI-based OS based on Linux.”
When was Ubuntu first released?
“October 20, 2004.”
When was Macintosh introduced?
“In 1984.”
Who developed Macintosh?
“Apple Computers.”
How do Mac users access files?
“By using a mouse and double-clicking icons.”
Does Mac work on x86 architecture?
“No, it only supports Apple-based PCs.”
What type of OS is Linux?
“A free, open-source GUI-based OS.”
How is Linux similar to Windows?
“It has a graphical desktop like Windows.”
Where is Linux used?
“Homes, offices, supercomputers, smartphones, smart TVs, enterprise servers, and more.”
Which mobile OS is based on Linux?
“Android OS.”
Who developed Windows OS?
“Microsoft.”
When was Windows first introduced?
“November 1985.”
What are the main uses of Windows OS?
“Storing files, running software, playing games, browsing the internet.”
How is Windows commonly navigated?
Using a computer mouse.
What are types of operating systems with respect to users
Single user operating system and multi user operating system
What are the two major classifications of OS based on users?
“Single-User and Multi-User OS.”
What is a Single-User OS?
“An OS used by only one person at a time.”
What does a Single-User Single-Tasking OS do?
“Performs only one task at a time.”
What are examples of Single-User Single-Tasking OS?
“Palm OS, MS-DOS.”
What is the main advantage of a Single-User Single-Tasking OS?
“It requires less memory.”
What is the main disadvantage of a Single-User Single-Tasking OS?
“It can only perform one task at a time.”
What is a Single-User Multi-Tasking OS?
“It allows one user to perform multiple tasks at the same time.”
What are examples of Single-User Multi-Tasking OS?
“Windows OS, Macintosh OS.”
What is the main advantage of a Single-User Multi-Tasking OS?
“It is time-saving.”
What is the main disadvantage of a Single-User Multi-Tasking OS?
“It consumes more memory.”
What are the three types of OS based on processing?
Batch Processing, Time-Sharing, Real-Time Processing.
What is a Multi-User Multi-Tasking OS?
“An OS that allows multiple users to access the same system through a network server.”
What is another name for a network server in Multi-User OS?
“Terminal server.”
Where is Multi-User OS commonly used?
“In businesses and offices.”
Why is Multi-User OS used in businesses?
“It allows multiple users to share resources without installing them on every system.”
What is an advantage of a Multi-User OS?
“It is fast and time-saving because updates on the server apply to all connected systems.”
What is a disadvantage of a Multi-User OS?
“If the client loses connection to the server, it cannot function.”
What are examples of Multi-User OS?
Unix, Linux, Windows, Ubuntu.
What is a batch processing system?
“An OS processes tasks in batches based on priority and resources.”
How do users submit jobs in batch processing?
“Users prepare jobs (e.g., punch cards) and submit them to the computer operator.”
What does the operator do in batch processing?
“Sorts jobs into batches and submits them to the processor.”
How are jobs executed in batch processing?
“Jobs of the same batch are executed together.”
What is an advantage of batch processing?
“Saves time and fully utilizes the processor.”
What is a disadvantage of batch processing?
“It is difficult to debug and expensive.”
What is an example of batch processing?
Processing monthly utility bills (electricity, gas, telephone).
How does the CPU work in time-sharing?
“It divides time among users.”
What happens if more users join?
“Response time slows down.”
What is an RTOS?
“An OS that gives instant responses.”
Where is RTOS used?
“In critical systems like flight control and health monitoring.”
What is Soft RTOS?
“It might not meet deadlines.”
What is Hard RTOS?
“It must meet strict deadlines.”Category
What is a time-sharing processing system?
“A system where multiple users share a single computer for different tasks.”
How does a time-sharing system allocate CPU time?
“The CPU assigns time to each user, creating the impression of exclusive use.”
What happens as the number of users increases in time-sharing?
“Response time decreases as CPU time is divided among users.”
What are the advantages of RTOS?
“It is fast, time-saving, and uses minimal space and memory.”
What are the types of RTOS?
“Soft RTOS and Hard RTOS.”
What is the difference between Soft RTOS and Hard RTOS?
Soft RTOS might not meet deadlines, while Hard RTOS must meet strict deadlines.
How does the CPU work in time-sharing?
“It divides time among users.”
What happens if more users join?
“Response time slows down.”
What is a time-sharing processing system?
“A system where multiple users share a single computer for different tasks.”
What happens as the number of users increases in time-sharing?
“Response time decreases as CPU time is divided among users.”
What are the advantages of RTOS?
“It is fast, time-saving, and uses minimal space and memory.”
What is an icon in a GUI?
“A small picture representing software, files, or devices.”
Why are icons used in an operating system?
“To make navigation easier and more visual.”
How do you open a program using an icon?
“By double-clicking it.”
What do icons represent?
“Programs, files, hardware, or system functions.”
What does ‘This PC’ icon show?
“All drives, data, and system resources.”
What is the function of the Recycle Bin?
“Stores deleted files before permanent removal.”
Can you restore files from the Recycle Bin?
“Yes, before they are permanently deleted.”
What happens when you empty the Recycle Bin?
“Files are permanently deleted.”
What is the purpose of the Control Panel?
“To manage system settings, software, and hardware.”
What does the Network icon do?
“Shows and manages internet and network connections.”
Where is the network list found in Windows 10?
“In the notification area on the taskbar.”
What is a user account in Windows?
“A profile that allows users to have personal settings and files.”
Why are multiple user accounts helpful?
“They let different people use the same computer separately.”
How do icons improve usability in GUI?
“They make navigation simple and user-friendly.”
Why do GUI systems use icons instead of text commands?
“Icons are easier to recognize and use.”
What is the main benefit of a graphical user interface?
It is user-friendly and easy to navigate.
What is a file?
“A collection of data stored permanently.”
What is a folder?
“A collection of related files and subfolders.”
What are subfolders?
“Folders inside another folder.”
What is the purpose of a file extension?
“It tells which program can open the file.”
Give an example of a file extension.
“.docx (Microsoft Word), .jpg (image).”
Can files be protected?
“Yes, by applying a password.”
Can folders be protected?
“Yes, they can be password-protected, hidden, or shared.”
How do files and folders differ in storing data?
“Files store data, while folders store files and other folders.”
Do files and folders have extensions?
“Files have extensions; folders do not.”
Can a file contain other files?
“No, but a folder can contain files and other folders.”
Do files require a program to open?
“Yes, but folders do not.”
How do you create a folder?
“Right-click → New → Folder → Name it → Press Enter.”
How do you copy and paste a file?
“Right-click → Copy → Move to location → Right-click → Paste.”
How do you move a file?
“Right-click → Cut → Move to location → Right-click → Paste.”
How do you delete a file?
“Right-click → Delete (or press Delete key).”
How do you permanently delete a file?
“Press Shift + Delete.”
Why are folders useful?
“They help organize files efficiently.”
Why is file extension important?
It helps the computer open files in the correct program.
