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Exam 1 > Fundamentals Of Nutrition 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Fundamentals Of Nutrition 1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Body Mass Index? What is its formula?

A
  • epidemiological tool for obesity. Kg/m^2
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2
Q

What are the BMI categories?

A 
Underweight = <18.5
Normal = 18.5-24.9
Overweight = 25.0-29.9
Obesity 1 = 30.0-34.9
Obesity 2 = 35.0-39.9
Morbid Obesity > 40.0
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3
Q

How many Kcals are in proteins, carbs, fats, and alcohols?

A 
Proteins = 4 per gram
Carbs = 4 per gram
Fats = 9 per gram
Alcohol = 7 per gram
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4
Q

What percentages of your dietary calories should be from proteins, fats, and carbs?

A 
Proteins = 10-15%
Fat = 20-34%
Carbohydrates = 51-70%
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5
Q

Where is fiber found? What is its role in nutrition and how much should you eat?

A
  • found in plant polysaccharides
  • Doesnt contribute to caloric intake
  • reduces glycemic index of foods
  • 20-35g a day recommended.
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6
Q

What are the essential fatty acids?

A
  • Fats that must be taken in from diet.

- linoleic and linolenic. The omega fatty acids.

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7
Q

What is the harris benedict equation used for?

A
  • Calculating BMR based on gender, weight, height, and age.
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8
Q

What is steatorrhea?

A
  • presence of excess fat in stool. Malabsorption of fat soluble vitamins.
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9
Q

What is Crohn disease?

A
  • chronic inflammation of bowel mucosa. Distal illeum is most affected site. Autoimmune disease.
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10
Q

What is absorbed in the duodenum?

A
  • fats, sugars, peptides, iron, folate, water, electrolytes.
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11
Q

What is absorbed in the jejunum?

A
  • sugars, peptides, water, calcium, electrolytes
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12
Q

What is absorbed in the ileum?

A
  • bile acids, Vit B12, water, electrolytes.
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13
Q

Describe the mediterranean diet.

A
  • emphasizes plant foods, fruits and veggies, dairy, poultry and fish. High in n-3 & n-6 antioxidants
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14
Q

What are the names of the B vitamins?

A 
B1 - thiamine
B2 - riboflavin
B3 - niacin
B5 - pantothenic acid
B6 - pyridoxine
B7 - biotin
B9 - folate
B12 - cobalamins
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15
Q

What is the condition from Vitamin D deficiency? What is the treatment?

A
  • Rickets & osteomalacia. Delayed growth, spine and pelvic pain, muscle weakness, bowed legs.
  • supplement with 1000 mg/d of calcium and 200-1000 IU/d of Vitamin D.
  • Treat with D3, more bioavailable than D2
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16
Q

Describe vitamin b1 deficiency and associated conditions.

A
  • Deficiency can be from alcoholism
  • wernicke-korsakoff syndrome: ataxia, nystagmus, confusion
  • Wet and dry beriberi
17
Q

Describe conditions associated with B2 deficiency

A
  • b2 is needed as coenzyme for FAD
  • deficiency is ariboflavinosis
  • sore throat, glossitis, swelling red tongue
18
Q

Describe conditions from vitamin B3 deficiency

A
  • needed as coenzyme for NAD + NADH
  • deficiency leads to pellagra -> diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis, death.
  • deficiency leads to hartnup disease -> impaired AA absorption
19
Q

Describe associated conditions with vitamin b5 deficiency

A
  • deficiency arrives from severe starvation
  • leads to dermatitis, numbness, paresthesia and dysthesia.
  • “Burning Feet Syndrome”
20
Q

Describe conditions arising from vitamin B6 deficiency

A
  • used in conversion of tryptophan to niacin
  • sideroblastic anemia (cannot put iron into heme)
  • toxicity
21
Q

Describe conditions arising from vitamin b7 deficiency

A
  • needed for Acetyl Co-A Carboxylase, pyruvate Carboxylase.
  • deficiency from excessive raw egg white consumption
  • dermatitis around eyes nose and mouth, and neurologic symptoms.
22
Q

Describe conditions from vitamin b9 deficiency

A
  • deficiency in pregnancy can lead to SPINA BIFIDA
  • b9 can deplete in alcoholics
  • macrocytic megaloblastic anemia, and homocysteinemia
23
Q

Describe conditions arising from vitamin b12 deficiency

A
  • pernicious anemia can lead to deficiency
  • long term vegetarian diet can lead to this
  • manifests as anemia, neuropathies.
24
Q

Describe conditions arising from vitamin C deficiencies.

A
  • Scurvy, impaired wound healing, gingivitis.
25
Q

Describe conditions arising from vitamin E deficiencies

A
  • results in neuromuscular disorders and hemolysis.

- deficiency is rare.

26
Q

What class of drugs can Vitamin K interact with?

A
  • Blood thinners. Warfarin.
27
Q

Describe conditions arising from Vitamin A deficiency

A
  • Common in 3rd world countries

- night blindness, xeropthalmia (dryness of conjunctiva)

Exam 1 (7 decks)

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