fundamentals of nursing class EXAM 1

Question 1

primary goals of nightingale

Answer 1

establish standards for hospitals. nursing education and nursing as a respected occupation for women. recognize the two

Question 2

florence nightingale recognized that nutrition is important to health

Answer 2

maintain accurate records keeping

Question 3

what it takes to be a nurse?

Answer 3

team work. compassion. advocate. patients. understanding. knowledge. competence.

Question 4

four blended competencies of a nurse

Answer 4

cognitive: thinking about the nature of things sufficiently to make decisions regarding care.
technical: skills enable nurses to manipulate equipment to produce a desired outcome.
interpersonal: caring relationships with nurse to nurse. nurse to physician.
ethical/legal: morality and professional. what we are able to do and what we are not able to do.

Question 5

interrelated roles of nurses

Answer 5

caregiver: caring and care. primary role of nurse.
communicator: use of effective interpersonal and therapeutic communication skills to establish and maintain helping relationships.
teacher/educator: communication skills to assess, implememt
counselor:
leader:
researcher:
advocate:
collaborator: effective use of skills

Question 6

QSEN competencies

Answer 6

patient centered care; PATIENT IS THE CENTERED OF THE CARE
Team work and collaboration
quality improvement
safety:
evidence-based practice
informatics: protect electronic information

Question 7

nursing aims

Answer 7

promote health
prevent illness
restore health

Question 8

factors affecting health

Answer 8

genetic inheritance
cognitive abilities
educational level
race and ethnicity; culture
age and gender
developmental level 
lifestyle; environment 
socioeconomics status

Question 9

preventing illness

Answer 9

education programs
community programs
literature, tv, radio, internet
health assessment in institutions, clinics and community settings that identity areas of strength and risk for illness.

Question 10

restoring health

Answer 10

performing assessment that detect an illness

referring questions and abnormal findings to others

Question 11

nurse practice acts

Answer 11

legal scope of nursing:

important terms and activities in nursing including legal requirements and title rn:

Question 12

nursing process- ADPIE

Answer 12

helps nurses implement their role. integrate art and science of nursing. allows nurses to use critical thinking and clinical reasoning. defines areas of care that are withing domain of nursing.
assessment, diagnoses, planning, implementation, evaluation

Question 13

source of knoledge

Answer 13

traditional: passed down from generation to generation.
authoritative: comes from an expert, accepted as truth based on persons perceived expertise.
scientific: obtained through the scientific method (research) data collection and practice based on the data.

Question 14

evidence based practice

Answer 14

finding data and backing it up.
blends both the science and the art of nursing so that the best patient outcomes are achieved. may consist of specific nursing interventions or may use guidelines established for the care of patients with certain illness, treatments, or surgical procedures etc…

Question 15

asking clinical questions in PICOT format

Answer 15

P: PATIENT, POPULATION, OR PROBLEM OF INTEREST
I: INTERVETION OF INTEREST
C: COMPARISON OF INTEREST
O: OUTCOME OF INTEREST
T: time
in adult patients with total hip replacement (population), how effective is pain medication (intervention) compared to aerobic stretching (comparison)

Question 16

goals of nursing research

Answer 16

improve care of people in clinical setting. study people and the nursing process. education. policy development. ethics. nursing history. develop greater autonomy and strength as a professional. provide evidence based nursing practice. qualitative v. quantitative (numbers)

Question 17

impediments to nursing research

Answer 17

restricted access to resource
limited time to participate in research
lack of educational preparation
resistance to change

Question 18

health

Answer 18

a state of physical mental and social well being not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

Question 19

illness

Answer 19

the unique response of a person to a disease; an abnormal process involving changed level of functioning. mental or socially ill, not feeling well

Question 20

disease:

Answer 20

medical term, referring to a pathologic changes in the structure of function of the body or mind

Question 21

wellness

Answer 21

an active state of being healthy by living a lifestyle promoting good health

Question 22

acute illness

Answer 22

generally has a rapid onset of symptoms and lasts only a relatively short time. ex: appendiciti,, phenumonia, diarrhea, common cold, flu

Question 23

chronic illness

Answer 23

a broad term that encompasses many different physical and mental alterations in health.
usually has a slow onset and may have periods of remission on exacerbation.
diabetes mellitus, lung disease, arthritis

Question 24

characteristics of a chronic illness

Answer 24

it is a permanent change

Question 25

stages of illness behavior

Answer 25

1: experiencing symptoms.
2: assuming the sick role.
3: assuming a dependent role.
4: achieving recovery and rehabilitation.

Question 26

health promotion and illness prevention #1

Answer 26

primary: directed toward promoting health and preventing the development of disease processes or injury. ex; are ummunization clinics, family planning services, poison control information
secondary: focuse on screening for early detection of disease with prompot diagnosis and treatment of any found. ex: assessing children for normal growth and development.

Question 27

health promotion and illness prevention #2

Answer 27

tertiary: begin after an illness is diagnosed and treated with the goal of reducing disability and helping rehabilitate patients

Question 28

primary level

Answer 28

weight loss, diet, exercise, smoking cessation, reduced alcohol consumption, avoidance,

Question 29

secondary

Answer 29

screening

Question 30

tertiary

Answer 30

treatment `

Question 31

risk factors for illness

Answer 31

age: school aged children are at high risk for communicable disease. after menopause, women are more likely to develop cardiovascular disease.
genetic factors: a family history of cancer of diabetes predisposes a person to developing the disease.
physiologic factors: obesity increases the possibility of heart disease. pregnancy places increases risk on both the mother and the developing fetus.
health habits: smoking increases the probability of lung cancer. poor nutrition can lead to a variety of health problems.
lifestyle: multiple sexual relationships increase the risk for sexually transmitted infection. events that increase stress, may precipitate accidents or illness.
environment: working and living environment (such as hazardous material and poor sanitation) may contribute to disease.

Question 32

maslows hierarchy of human needs

Answer 32

#5self actualization: purpose, respectful to others, ability to be objective. 
#4-self esteem: feel good about oneself, to feel pride and a sense of accomplishment. 
#3-love and belongings: emotionally healthy. giving and receiving love. 
#2-safety and security: physically and emotionally safe. proper hand hygiene. 
#1-physiologic: all patients have physiologic needs: oxygen, water, food, elimination, temperature, sexuality

Question 33

family structure

Answer 33

family: 
nuclear family: 
extended family: 
blended family: 
single parent family:

Question 34

focus of patient educaton

Answer 34

preparation for receiving care. preparation before discharge from health care facility. documentation of patient education activity. 
T: tune into the patient
E: edit patient information
A: 
C: 
H:

Question 35

Three learning domain

Answer 35

cognitive: storing and recalling of new knowledge in the brain teaching, instrucion, handouts, video.
Psychomotor: learning physical skill
Affective: attitude how they feel about what we talked about

Question 36

factors affecting patient learning

Answer 36

age and developmental level
family support networks
financial resources
cultural influences 
language influences
language deficits
health literacy level: may not be able to understand medical terms, put it in light terms.

Question 37

promoting compliance

Answer 37

be certain that instructions are undestandable

Question 38

providing culturally competent patient education

Answer 38

develop an understanding of the patients culture. work with multicultural

Question 39

knowles (1990) four assumptions about adult learners

Answer 39

as a person matures, ones self concept

Question 40

teaching plans for older adults

Answer 40

identify learning barriers.

allow extra time.

Question 41

sources of informaton when assessing health

Answer 41

primary: patient (objective, or subjective)
secondary: medical records, patients family/caregivers
what step of the nursing process do we gather information? assessment.

Question 42

types of patient counseling

Answer 42

short term: for situational crisis
longterm: for developmental crisis.
motivational interviewing

Question 43

ADPIE

Answer 43

ASSESS, DIAGNOSE, PLAN, INPLEMENT, EVALUATE. `