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LU4 HS202 Micro Para Psych > Fundamentals of Mycology > Flashcards

Fundamentals of Mycology Flashcards

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1
Q

[Mycotoxin: Commodity: Fungus: Effects]

Deoxynivalenol/Nivalenol

A

Deoxynivalenol/Nivalenol: Wheat, Maize, Barley: F. graminaruem, F. cookwellense: Human and pig toxicoses

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2
Q

[Mycotoxin: Commodity: Fungus: Effects]

Zearalenone

A

Zearalenone: Maize, Wheat:-:Human carcinogen

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3
Q

[Mycotoxin: Commodity: Fungus: Effects]

Ochratoxin A

A

Ochratoxin A: Maize, Wheat: A. ochraceus, P. verrucosum: Human and pig carcinogen

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4
Q

[Mycotoxin: Commodity: Fungus: Effects]

Fumosin B1

A

Fumosin B1: Maize: - : Human carcinogen, toxic to pig and poultry

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5
Q

The ff are possible effects of mycotoxins except

a. Immune suppression
b. nephrotoxic
c. idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis
d. dermal toxicosis
e. gastro-intestinal disturbances
f. parasympathetic nerve system effects
f. liver hemorrhage
g. hepatic necrosis
h. estrogenic effects
i. lung and brain hemorrhage

A

None of the above

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6
Q

Rhizopus

a. coenocytic
b. septate

A

A

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7
Q

Penicillin

a. coenocytic
b. septate

A

B

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8
Q

Mucor

a. coenocytic
b. septate

A

A

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9
Q

Sporothrix schenckii

a. Yeast
b. Mold
c. Dimorphic

A

C

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10
Q

Dimorphic fungus in external environment is in what form?

A

Mold

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11
Q

Dimorphic fungus in host t is in what form?

A

Yeast

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12
Q

Define Plasmogamy

A

Fusion of cytoplasm

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13
Q

Define Karyogamy

A

Fusion of nuclei

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14
Q

Mycelia and spores are

a. haploid
b. diploid
c. heterokaryotic

A

A

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15
Q

After plasmogamy fungus will be

a. haploid
b. diploid
c. heterokaryotic

A

B

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16
Q

After Karyogamy fungus will be

a. haploid
b. diploid
c. heterokaryotic

A

C

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17
Q

All forms in the life cycle of a fungus

a. Holomorph
b. Anamorph
c. Telomorph

A

A

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18
Q

Sexual reproductive stage; “perfect stage” e.g. Filobasidiella

A

C

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19
Q

Asexual reproductive stage; “imperfect stage” e.g. Cryptococcus

a. Holomorph
b. Anamorph
c. Telomorph

A

B

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20
Q

The ff are characteristics of members of Chytridiomycota EXCEPT

a. Motile
b. Terrestrial
c. Not cultured in artificial media
d. cause nasal oropharyngeal rhinosporidiosis

A

B; Aquatic

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21
Q

Rhinosporidium seeberii

a. Zygomycota
b. Ascomycota
c. Basidiomycota
d. Deuteromycota
e. Chytridiomycota

A

E

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22
Q

Saccharomyces cerevisiae

a. Zygomycota
b. Ascomycota
c. Basidiomycota
d. Deuteromycota
e. Chytridiomycota

A

B

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23
Q

Zygomycota

a. septate
b. Non-septate

A

B

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24
Q

Rhizopus, Absidia, Mucor, Rhizomucor

a. Mucorales
b. Entomophthorales

A

A

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25
Q

Conidiobolus, Basidiobols

a. Mucorales
b. Entomophthorales

A

B

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26
Q

fruiting bodies of ascomycota is a.k.a

A

ascocarps

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27
Q

Describe the dolipore septa of Basidiomycota

A

septa with bagel-shaped pore at its center

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28
Q

Basidiomycota nuclei move through ________ during cell division

A

clamp connections

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29
Q

DIvision of fungi with no sexual spores, reproducing via conidiogenesis

A

Deuteromycota

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30
Q

When do we suspect fungal infections?

A
  • prolonged fever not responding to antibiotics
  • neutropenia
  • diabetes w/ ketoacidosis
  • solid organ transplant
  • HIV+
  • Xray infiltrates, miliary aspect, cavities
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31
Q

[Method of Examination]

Candida, Malassezia, Sporothrix, Nocardia, Actinomyces

A

Gram Stain

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32
Q

[Method of Examination]

Cryptococcus

A

India Ink

33
Q

[Method of Examination]

Aspergillus

A

Periodic acid-Schiff stain

34
Q

What is the rationale behind using KOH in vieweing biopsy materials, exudates from lesions on skin, nails, and hair?

A

KOH lyse keratinaceous substances while presenting fungal elements

35
Q

Calcufluor white is used for

A

optical brightening in KOH wet preparation

36
Q

Why is Saboraud’s dextrose agar suitable for fungal cultures?

A

pH 5.6; with antibitotics (gentamycin, chloramphenicol)

37
Q

Ciprofloxacin is added to growth media to inhibit growth of

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

38
Q

Cycloheximide is used to

A

prevent overgrowth of slowly growing molds

39
Q

Fungi inhibited by cycloheximide include

A

Aspergillus fugimatus, Cryptococcus neoformans, Pseudallescheria boydii, Candida krusei, Trichoporon

40
Q

What is sheep blood for?

A

used for organisms that require enrichment before they are recovered

41
Q

What is Smith’s Medium for?

A

for recovery of contaminated specimen; contains ammonium hydroxide

42
Q

[Incubation time]

Dermatophytes

A

2 weeks

43
Q

[Incubation time]

Opportunists

A

less than a week

44
Q

[Incubation time]

Systemic

A

4-6 weeks

45
Q 
Large surface area for isolation
Aeration enhanced
Easier to prepare microscopic mounts
Contamination Likely
Less safe to handle
Dehydration
a. Culture Dishes
b. Culture Tubes
A

A; otherwise B

46
Q

Examples of filamentous fungi

A 
Aspergillus fumigatus
Mucor
Rhizopus
Penicillium
Fusarium
47
Q

Enumerate methods other than direct microscopic examination to test for fungal infection

A

Cryptocooccal antigen detection in body fluids
Multiple test system for yeasts
Serologic yeasts such as latex agglutination test
Nucleic acid probes for dimorphic fungi
Real time pCR for histoplasma and coccidiotis
Nuclei acid synthesis

48
Q

Causative organisms of Pityriasis versicolor a.k.a “an-an”

A

Malassezia furfur, Exophiala werneckii

49
Q

What is the usual etiologic agent of pityriasis versicolor?

A

Malassezia globosa, part of our normal flora

50
Q

[Treatment]

Pityriasis versicolor

A

Keratinolytic agents e,g, Miconazole, Selenium Sulfide (1%)

51
Q

[Identify]
Condition with gray to black non- inflammatory, non-scaling well-demarcated macular lesions that appear like silver nitrate burns. Occuring on the palms and sometimes feet. Diagnosed by KOH preparation showing pigmented brown to dark septate hyphal elements and 2-celled yeast cells

A

Tinea nigra

52
Q

White piedra is caused by

A

Trichosporon

53
Q

Black piedra is caused by

A

Piedra hortae

54
Q

What causes cutaneous mycoses?

A

dermatophytes

55
Q

Which is a geophilic dermatophyte?

a. Microsporum gypseum
b. Microsporum canis
c. Trichophyton tonsurans
d. Trichophyton verrucosum

A

A

56
Q

The following are Zoophilic dermatophytes except

a. Microsporum canis
b. Trichophyton mentagrophytes
c. Trichophyton verrucosum
d. Trichophyton rubrum

A

D; Anthropophilic

57
Q

The following are anthropophilic dermatophyes except

a. Trichophyton rubrum
b. Trichophyton tonsurans
c. Epidermophyton floccosum
d. Microsporum gypseum

A

D; Geophilic

58
Q

Dermatophyte infections are mostly seen in _________ patients

a. immunocompromised
b. immunocompetent

A

B

59
Q

WIth large, multiseptate, rough-walled and spindle shaped macroconidia. Macroconidia always seen in culture. Colony is white, reversesideis golden yellow pigment.

a. Microsporum
b. Trychophyton
c. Epidermophytan

A

A

60
Q

Produces large, multiseptate, smooth-walled and club-shaped macroconidia. Colony is khaki-colored with white areas in cornmeal agar; with chlamydoconidia (Chlamydospore: a thick-walled asexual spore of many fungi: capable of surviving adverse conditions)

a. Microsporum
b. Trychophyton
c. Epidermophytan

A

C

61
Q

With elongeted, pencil to cigar-shaped, smooth walled, multiseptate and thin-walled macroconidia. Microconidia are arranged in clusters. Infects hair, skin and nails.

a. Microsporum
b. Trychophyton
c. Epidermophytan

A

B

62
Q

Microsporum infecting cats, dogs and humans

A

M. canis

63
Q

Microsporum from soil with cinnamon-colored, suede-like colony

A

M. gypseum

64
Q

M. audouinii infects

A

hair and skin

65
Q

Tinea capitis infect which areas of the body?

A

scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes

66
Q

Describe Tinea fabosa

A

more serious tinea capitis infection since hair growth is infected; cup and saucer appearance

67
Q

What fungi can cause Tinea capitis?

A

Trychophyton tonsurans
Microsporum canis
Microsporum audoini
Trichophyton violaceum

68
Q

Superficial infection of the skin limited to southwest Polynesia, Melanesia, SE Asia, India and Central America

a. Tinea capitis
b. Tinea barbae
c. Tinea cruris
d. Tinea imbricata

A

D

69
Q

Infection limited to bearded areas of the face and neck

a. Tinea capitis
b. Tinea barbae
c. Tinea cruris
d. Tinea imbricata

A

B

70
Q

Infection of the groin, perineum and perianal region

a. Tinea capitis
b. Tinea barbae
c. Tinea cruris
d. Tinea imbricata

A

C

71
Q

What are the fungi that usually cause tinea cruris?

A

Epidermophyton floccosum, Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes

72
Q

Describe Tinea corporis

A

infection of the smooth skin of the trunk and extremities.

73
Q

What fungi are involved in Tinea corporis

A

Trichophyton rubrum, Trycophyton metagrophytes, Microsporum canis

74
Q

Caused by Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum

a. Tinea cruris and Tinea pedis
b. Tinea capitis and Tinea mannum
c. Tinea corporis and Tinea cruris
d. Tinea imbricata and Tinea barbae

A

A

75
Q

What fungi cause Onychomycosis or Tinea unguim?

A

Aspergillus, Fusarium

76
Q

What is the causative organism of Sporotrichosis?

A

Sporothrix schenckii

77
Q

Sporotrichosis is a.k.a

A

Rose gardener’s disease

78
Q

describe morphology of Sporothrix culture on SDA

A

moist and glaborous, wrinkled and folded surface, colored white to cream to black

79
Q

Chronic, slowly progressive and localized infection with crusted, verrucose, wart-like lesions caused by Fonsecaea, Phialophora, Cladosporium, etc.

A

Chromoblastomycosis

LU4 HS202 Micro Para Psych (2 decks)

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