Fundamentals Of Hormones

Question 1

How does insulin affect glucose metabolism in the brain

Answer 1

It does not

Question 2

Adenohypophysis Vs neurohypophysis

Answer 2

AP Vs PP

Question 3

What are the two main nuclei in the Hypothalamus that secrete Oxytocin and Vasopressin

Answer 3

Supraoptic nuclei and paraventricular nucleus

Question 4

What ventricle lies just above the hypothal

Answer 4

Third ventricle

Question 5

What nucleus releases GHRH

Answer 5

Arcuate nucleus

Question 6

What nucleus release GnRH

Answer 6

Preoptic nucleus

Question 7

What nucleus releases CRH

Answer 7

Paraventricular nucleus

Question 8

What nucleus releases somatostatin

Answer 8

Periventricular nucleus

Question 9

Where are the vesicles containing oxytocin/ Vasopressin stored in

Answer 9

PP axon ending

Question 10

What does somatostatin inhibit

Answer 10

GH and TSH

Question 11

What cells produce GHRH

Answer 11

Somatotrophs

Question 12

What inhibits prolactin secretion from what cell

Answer 12

Dopamine acts on lactotrophs

Question 13

Which hormones are made in advance and which are synthesized on demand

Answer 13

Only steroid hormones are synthesised on demand

Question 14

Do steroid and thyroid hormones have short or long half life’s

Answer 14

Steroid and thyroid hormones have long half lives

Question 15

Which hormones are bound to carrier proteins

Answer 15

Steroid and thyroid

Question 16

Do steroid hormones bind to cytoplasmic or membrane receptord

Answer 16

Can be both

Question 17

Which hormones have non genomic actions

Answer 17

Peptide, Catecholamines and some steroid hormones

Question 18

Which hormones have genomic mechanisms

Answer 18

Some peptide hormones, steroid and thyroid hormones

Question 19

What is the role of GLP

Answer 19

Stimulates production of insulin from pancreas due to glucose in lumen being senses by endocrine cells in small intestines

Question 20

Which organs do PTH work on

Answer 20

Gut, bone and kidney

Question 21

What causes production of calcitrol and what does calcitrol do

Answer 21

PTH, calcitrol increases intestinal absorption of Ca2+

Question 22

What three chemicals raise blood glucose

Answer 22

Glucagon
Epinephrine
Cortisol

Question 23

What is permissive for sexual maturation

Answer 23

Thyroid hormone

Question 24

What hormone is responsible for epinephrine efficacy

Answer 24

Thyroid hormone

Question 25

How does growth hormone affect efficacy of insulin (mech)

Answer 25

Decrease number of receptors

Question 26

Treatment for carcinomas

Answer 26

More likely to be surgery for lumps Chemo or radiotherapy for small foci

Question 27

Cause of pseudohypoparathyroidism

Answer 27

Inheritance of defect in G protein so there is no linking of receptor to Adenyl cyclase

Question 28

Should IGF 1 or GH be tested in children

Answer 28

GH!!

Question 29

What does Dexamethasone suppression test do at low dose and high dose

Answer 29

Low dose suppresses pit ACTH and cortisol in normal individuals but not pit adenoma High dose suppresses ACTH in pit adenoma but not cortisol producing adrenal adenoma or ectopic ACTH producing tumour

Question 30

Role of SynACTHen stimulation test

Answer 30

Quantifies adrenal function or insufficiency Low dose to measure cortisol production High dose to measure total adren cortex function

Question 31

What nucleus releases dopamine

Answer 31

arcuate nucleus

Question 32

What nucleus releases TRH

Answer 32

paraventricular nucleus

Question 33

Where is the prohormone formed and what does it pass through? What happens to it after that

Answer 33

Formed after enzymes in ER chop off signal sequence, and it goes through Golgi Apparatus and buds off Golgi in secretory vesicles with enzymes, before becoming active hormone

Question 34

Impt peptide hormones to know ( apart from main neurohormones)

Answer 34

hCG, Leptin, Ghrelin, Insulin

Question 35

What enzyme involved in insulin signalling

Answer 35

Tyrosine Kinaseq

Question 36

what other hormone can TRH stimulate production of

Answer 36

Prolactin

Question 37

Where are the receptors for thyroid hormones located

Answer 37

In the nucleus