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Y2 Endocrinology > Fundamentals Of Hormones > Flashcards

Fundamentals Of Hormones Flashcards

1
Q

How does insulin affect glucose metabolism in the brain

A

It does not

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2
Q

Adenohypophysis Vs neurohypophysis

A

AP Vs PP

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3
Q

What are the two main nuclei in the Hypothalamus that secrete Oxytocin and Vasopressin

A

Supraoptic nuclei and paraventricular nucleus

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4
Q

What ventricle lies just above the hypothal

A

Third ventricle

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5
Q

What nucleus releases GHRH

A

Arcuate nucleus

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6
Q

What nucleus release GnRH

A

Preoptic nucleus

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7
Q

What nucleus releases CRH

A

Paraventricular nucleus

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8
Q

What nucleus releases somatostatin

A

Periventricular nucleus

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9
Q

Where are the vesicles containing oxytocin/ Vasopressin stored in

A

PP axon ending

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10
Q

What does somatostatin inhibit

A

GH and TSH

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11
Q

What cells produce GHRH

A

Somatotrophs

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12
Q

What inhibits prolactin secretion from what cell

A

Dopamine acts on lactotrophs

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13
Q

Which hormones are made in advance and which are synthesized on demand

A

Only steroid hormones are synthesised on demand

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14
Q

Do steroid and thyroid hormones have short or long half life’s

A

Steroid and thyroid hormones have long half lives

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15
Q

Which hormones are bound to carrier proteins

A

Steroid and thyroid

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16
Q

Do steroid hormones bind to cytoplasmic or membrane receptord

A

Can be both

17
Q

Which hormones have non genomic actions

A

Peptide, Catecholamines and some steroid hormones

18
Q

Which hormones have genomic mechanisms

A

Some peptide hormones, steroid and thyroid hormones

19
Q

What is the role of GLP

A

Stimulates production of insulin from pancreas due to glucose in lumen being senses by endocrine cells in small intestines

20
Q

Which organs do PTH work on

A

Gut, bone and kidney

21
Q

What causes production of calcitrol and what does calcitrol do

A

PTH, calcitrol increases intestinal absorption of Ca2+

22
Q

What three chemicals raise blood glucose

A

Glucagon
Epinephrine
Cortisol

23
Q

What is permissive for sexual maturation

A

Thyroid hormone

24
Q

What hormone is responsible for epinephrine efficacy

A

Thyroid hormone

25
Q

How does growth hormone affect efficacy of insulin (mech)

A

Decrease number of receptors

26
Q

Treatment for carcinomas

A

More likely to be surgery for lumps
Chemo or radiotherapy for small foci

27
Q

Cause of pseudohypoparathyroidism

A

Inheritance of defect in G protein so there is no linking of receptor to Adenyl cyclase

28
Q

Should IGF 1 or GH be tested in children

A

GH!!

29
Q

What does Dexamethasone suppression test do at low dose and high dose

A

Low dose suppresses pit ACTH and cortisol in normal individuals but not pit adenoma
High dose suppresses ACTH in pit adenoma but not cortisol producing adrenal adenoma or ectopic ACTH producing tumour

30
Q

Role of SynACTHen stimulation test

A

Quantifies adrenal function or insufficiency
Low dose to measure cortisol production
High dose to measure total adren cortex function

31
Q

What nucleus releases dopamine

A

arcuate nucleus

32
Q

What nucleus releases TRH

A

paraventricular nucleus

33
Q

Where is the prohormone formed and what does it pass through? What happens to it after that

A

Formed after enzymes in ER chop off signal sequence, and it goes through Golgi Apparatus and buds off Golgi in secretory vesicles with enzymes, before becoming active hormone

34
Q

Impt peptide hormones to know ( apart from main neurohormones)

A

hCG, Leptin, Ghrelin, Insulin

35
Q

What enzyme involved in insulin signalling

A

Tyrosine Kinaseq

36
Q

what other hormone can TRH stimulate production of

A

Prolactin

37
Q

Where are the receptors for thyroid hormones located

A

In the nucleus

Y2 Endocrinology (4 decks)

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