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Histopathology > Fundamentals of histology > Flashcards

Fundamentals of histology Flashcards

1
Q

Neutrophil infiltration

A

Acute inflammation

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2
Q

Lymphocyte / plasma cell infiltration

A

Chronic inflammation

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3
Q

Neutrophil + lymphocyte / plasma cell infiltration

A

Acute-on-chronic inflammation

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4
Q

Differential for sheets of lymphocytes

A

Chronic inflammation

Lymphoma

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5
Q

Multi-lobar (2-5) nucleus
Pink on H+E stain
Granular cytoplasm

A

Neutrophil

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6
Q

Granules stain red with eosin (high affinity for acid)

Romanowsky method

A

Eosinophils

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7
Q

3 causes of eosinophilia

A

Allergic reaction
Parasitic infection
Hodgkin’s lymphoma

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8
Q

Feline contraction

‘Asthma of the oesophagus’

A

Eosinophilic oesophagitis

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9
Q

Raised in allergic reactions

Granules contain histamine + heparin

A

Mast cells

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10
Q

Appear late in acute inflammation + form granulomas
Specialise in different tissues (e.g. Kupffer cells in liver)
Derive from monocytes

A

Macrophages

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11
Q

Bi-lobed nucleus

Eosinophil peroxidase + ribonuclease granules

A

Eosinophil

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12
Q

How do you know if a sputum sample is superficial or deep?

A

Presence of macrophages - alveolar macrophages deep in lungs so if present know it is a good sample. May be black from phagocytosis of pollutants

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13
Q

Macrophage cluster

Macrophages = ‘epithelioid’ as look like epithelial cells + elongated nucleus

A

Granuloma

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14
Q

Caseating granuloma

A

Dark patches of cell necrosis with loss of cell nucleu

TB (most common), leprosy, fungal, histoplasmosis, cat scratch disease

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15
Q

Non-caseating granuloma

A

No necrosis

Sarcoidosis, Crohn’s

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16
Q

Most common cause of casating granuloma

Acid-fast bacilli on Ziehl-Neelson stain

A

TB

17
Q

Intercellular bridges

Keratin

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

18
Q

Mucin production

Glands

A

Adenocarcinoma

19
Q

Fontana stain for melanin

A

Melanoma

20
Q

Malignant epithelial cell tumour

A

Carcinoma

21
Q

Cytokeratin

A

Epithelial cell marker

22
Q

CD45

A

Lymphoma marker

23
Q

CK20+CK7-

A

Large bowel cancer primary tumour

24
Q

2 types of stain

A

Histochemical (e.g. H+E - chemical reaction)

Immunohistochemical (bind to specific antigens)

25
Q

Positive / basic, binds DNA and RNA

A

Haemotoxylin

DNA / RNA are negative + acidic

26
Q

Negative + acidic, binds protein

A

Eosin

Proteins have positive a.a. side chains

27
Q

Prussian blue stain

A

Haemochromatosis

28
Q

Brown on H+E staining

A

Iron

29
Q

Congo red stain

Apple green birefringence under polarised light

A

Amyloidosis

Histopathology (19 decks)

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