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Hydraulics > Fundamentals of Fluid Flow > Flashcards

Fundamentals of Fluid Flow Flashcards

1
Q

Amount of fluid passing through a section per unit of time

A

Discharge/Flow Rate

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2
Q

Formula of Volume Flow Rate

A

Q = Av

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3
Q

Formula of Mass Flow Rate

A

Mf = pQ

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4
Q

Formula of Weight Flow Rate

A

W = yQ

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5
Q

Q is

A

discharge

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6
Q

A is

A

cross-sectional area of flow

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7
Q

v is

A

mean velocity of flow

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8
Q

p is

A

mass density

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9
Q

y is

A

unit weight

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10
Q

Occurs when the discharge Q passing a given cross-section is constant with time

A

Steady Flow

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11
Q

If the flow Q at the cross-section varies with time

A

Unsteady Flow

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12
Q

Occurs if, with steady flow for a given length, the average velocity of flow is the same at every cross-section

A

Uniform Flow

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13
Q

If the average velocity of flow varies at every cross-section

A

Non-uniform Flow

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14
Q

Occurs when at any time, the discharge Q at every section of the stream is the same

A

Continuous Flow

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15
Q

Formula of Continuous Flow for Incompressible Fluids

A

Q = A1v1 = A2v2 = A3v3 = constant

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16
Q

Formula of Continuous Flow for Compressible Fluids

A

Q = p1A1v1 = p2A2v2 = p3A3v3 = constant

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17
Q

When the path of individual fluid particles do not cross or intersect

A

Laminar Flow

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18
Q

Occurs when the Reynolds number Re is less than (approximately) 2100

A

Laminar Flow

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19
Q

When the path of individual particles are irregular and continuously cross each other

A

Turbulent Flow

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20
Q

Occurs when the Reynolds number exceeds 2100 (most common situation is when it exceeds 4000)

A

Turbulent Flow

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21
Q

The energy possessed by a flowing fluid

A

kinetic and potential energy

22
Q

Potential energy may be subdivided into

A

energy due to position or elevation above a given datum and energy due to pressure in the fluid

23
Q

The ability of the fluid mass to do work by virtue of its velocity

A

Kinetic energy

24
Q

Amount of energy per pound or Newton of fluid

A

Head

25
Q

Formula of Kinetic Energy

A

KE = ½mv² = ½(W/g)v²

26
Q

Formula of Kinetic Head or Velocity Head

A

Hv = v²/2g

27
Q

Formula of Potential Energy for Elevation

A

PE = mgh = Wh = Wz

28
Q

Formula of Elevation Head

A

Hz = z

29
Q

Formula of Potential Energy for Pressure

A

PE = mgh = W(p/y)

30
Q

Formula of Pressure Head

A

Hp = p/y

31
Q

Formula of Total Energy/Total Head

A

E = v²/2g + p/y + z

32
Q

Results from the application of the
principles of conservation of energy

A

Bernoulli’s Energy Theorem

33
Q

Bernoulli’s Energy Theorem

A

E1 + Eadded - Eextracted = E2

34
Q

Energy Equation w/out Head Lost

A

E1 = E2
v1²/2g + P1/y + z1 = v2²/2g + P2/y + z2

35
Q

Energy Equation w/ Head Lost

A

E1 - HL = E2
v1²/2g + P1/y + z1 - HL = v2²/2g + P2/y + z2

36
Q

Energy Equation w/ Pump

A

E1 + HA - HL = E2

37
Q

Energy Equation w/ Turbine

A

E1 - HE - HL = E2

38
Q

Also known as pressure gradient

A

Hydraulic Grade Line

39
Q

The graphical representation of the total potential energy of flow

A

Hydraulic Grade Line

40
Q

A graphical representation of the total energy of flow

A

Energy Grade Line

41
Q

The rate at which work is done

A

Power

42
Q

Formula of Power

A

P = yQE

43
Q

1 hp in Watts and ft-lb/sec

A

746 Watts
550 ft-lb/sec

44
Q

1 Watt in N-m/s and J/s

A

1 N-m/s
1 J/s

45
Q

Formula of Power for Pump

A

Poutput = yQ(HA)

46
Q

Formula of Efficiency for Pump

A

Effpump = Poutput/Pinput x 100%

47
Q

Formula of Power for Turbine

A

Pinput = yQ(HE)

48
Q

Formula of Efficiency for Turbine

A

Effpump = Poutput/Pinput x 100%

49
Q

The input power of the pump is the ___ and its output power is ____.

A

electrical energy, flow energy

50
Q

The ratio of the inertia force to viscous force

A

Reynolds Number

51
Q

Formula of Reynolds Number

A

Re = vDρ/μ

Hydraulics (3 decks)

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