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Pharmacology > Fundamentals Of Drug Action > Flashcards

Fundamentals Of Drug Action Flashcards

0
Q

Route that insulin is given

A

Subcutaneously (connective tissue)

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1
Q

What a drug does to the body / the actions drugs have on the body

A

Pharmacodynamics

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2
Q

How nitroglycerin tablets are taken

If taken orally, what happens

A

Sublingually

It will have a high first pass metabolism

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3
Q

Which route is Oraquix taken

A

Liquid Topically

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4
Q

What the body does with a drug

A

Pharmacokinetics

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5
Q

The greater the TI the greater the

A

Safe drug

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6
Q

Involves drug receptors,drug response, and dose response.

A

Pharmacodynamics

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7
Q

A protein located in cell membranes of every cell

A

Drug receptor

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8
Q

A drug that combines with a receptor to initiate a response and rapidly releases from the receptor

A

Agonist

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9
Q

Blocker drug that binds to receptor but does not release from it

A

Antagonist

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10
Q

Has a high efficacy

A

Agonist

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11
Q

Has no efficacy

A

Antagonist

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12
Q

Most drugs are agonists or antagonists

A

Agonists

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13
Q

“Blocking drug”

A

Antagonist

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14
Q

Which drug has no efficacy and which has slight efficacy?

A

Antagonist and partial antagonist

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15
Q

Name three enteral routes of drug administration

A

Oral. Sublingual. Rectal.

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16
Q

Take by mouth Latin abbreviation

A

PO

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17
Q

Which route is absorb directly they oral mucosa

A

Sublingual

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18
Q

Common route for infants children and older adults in suppository form. And why is this route administered ?

A

Rectal cause drug may irritate stomach or pt. may be vomiting or cain’t swallow pill

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19
Q

Routes of drug administration

A

Enteral. Parenteral. Topical.

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20
Q

Parental routes

A 
Intramuscular 
subcutaneous 
intravenous 
intradermal 
intrathecal
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21
Q

Rectal administration Latin abb.

A

Par

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22
Q

IV injections enter what layers of skin

A

CSF or veins

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23
Q

IV route is most common for pts. Who are critically ill. Why?

A

It’s the fastest drug and it’s easy to control resulting in predictable blood levels.

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24
Q

IM example

A

Hep B vaccine

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25
Q

IM administration is injected into what part of body skeletal muscle?

A

Glutes and deltoids

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26
Q

IM injections pass through ________ walls to get I tot he blood stream.

A

Capillary

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27
Q

The dose needed to produce the desired therapeutic effect is

A

Potency

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28
Q

______ is the maximum intensity of effect or response a drug produces

A

Efficacy

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29
Q

What is the fastest and most predictable method of administering a drug

A

Intravenously

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30
Q

All of The following are parenteral routes of drug administration except

Intravenous intramuscular subcutaneous
Intravenous intramuscular sub lingual
Intradermal intrathecal intraperitineal

A

Intravenous intramuscular and sublingual

31
Q

Chemicals that are responsible for carrying a wide variety of messages across the nerve synapsis to the receptor very quickly are termed hormones.
examples of this type of chemical messengers includes norepinephrine Acetylcholine and dopamine

A

True

False

32
Q

A drug that has an affinity for a receptor combines with receptor and produces an effect is termed

A

Agonist

33
Q

All of the following are components of pharmacokinetics except one

Excretion
Distribution
Absorption
Potency

A

Potency

34
Q

The primary organ involved in metabolism or biotransformation is

A

Liver

35
Q

Which drug has an affinity to a receptor binds to a receptor site combines with the receptor and has no effect or reduces the effect of the drug or neotransmitter

A

Antagonist

36
Q

Which drug would have the longest half-life
Amoxicillin 500 given three times a day
Ampicillin 500 given two times a day
Penicillin 500 given four times a day

A

Ampicillin 500 given two times a day

37
Q

The primary organ involved in excretion is

A

Kidney

38
Q

Which of the following terms best describes the term zero order kinetics
The ratio of the median lethal dose to the medium effective dose
The time necessary for the body to illuminate one half of the drug in the drug plasma to determine dosing intervals
The saturation of liver enzymes as a result of the constant rate of drug metabolism over time regardless of dose

A

The saturation of liver enzymes as a result of the constant rate of drug metabolism over time regardless of the dose

39
Q

Which of the following would make my medication more readily available to be absorbed and distributed

A

Non-ionic form
Lipid soluble
Unbound to plasma

40
Q

Drugs that undergo the first pass effect are given by which route of administration

A

Oral

41
Q

Which term can be used to measure drug response or action

A

Dose response curve , potency and Efficacy

42
Q

Potency is the maximum intensity of effect or response that can be produced by a drug.

Administering more of the drug will not increase the efficacy of the drug but can often increase the probability of an adverse reaction

A

False

True

43
Q

Local reactions are caused by chemicals that are secreted into organs or areas near the release and are not related to systemic circulation. Examples of these chemicals include

A

Prostaglandins and histamines

44
Q

All of the following are true up hormones except one
Hormonal reactions are faster than that of Nero transmitters
Hormones are secreted to produce affects throughout the body
Examples of hormones include insulin thyroid and adrenal cortical steroids

A

Hormonal reactions are faster than Nero transmitters

45
Q

The drug with the stronger affinity for the receptor will bind to _______ receptors than the drug with the weaker affinity

A

More

46
Q

A noncompetitive antagonist binds to

A

A different receptor

47
Q

Once a Neruotransmitter is released which of the following occurs
Enzymes break down the Nero transmitter

The neurotransmitter interacts with a receptor and interact to produce an effect

The Nero transmitter can be taken up by the presynaptic nerve ending

A

All of the above

48
Q

Cell membranes are composed of lipids proteins and carbohydrates
The membrane lipids make the membrane relatively permeable to ions and polar molecules

A

True

False

49
Q

Which properties affect a drug’s ability to pass across the biological membrane of the cell

Lipid solubility, degree of ionizing, molecular size and shape, carbohydrate solubility, all of the above

A

Letters A, B and C only

50
Q

How do Lipid soluble substances move across the lipoprotein cell membrane

A

Bypass the transfer of simple diffusion

51
Q

Absorption is the process by which drug molecules are transferred from the site of metabolism to the circulating blood
This process requires the drug to pass through biological membranes

A

False the second is true

52
Q

In the presence of infection the ________of the tissue increases and the pH decreases. the effect of the local anesthetics decreases.

A

Acidity

53
Q

The passage of drugs into various body fluid compartment such as plasma interstitial fluid and intracellular fluid is called

A

Distribution

54
Q

In the distribution of a drug the biologic activity of the drug is related to the

A

Concentration of free or unbound drug in the plasma

55
Q

When a drug that is highly bound to the plasma is displaced by a Nother administer a drug that is also highly bound what would happen to the drug effect of the first drug administered

A

The drug effect is increased

56
Q

How many half-lives is required for a drug to be essentially removed from systemic circulation

A

4-5 half-lives

57
Q

True or false the placenta ask as a selective barrier against the passage of most drugs and most drugs cannot pass easily across the placental barrier

A

False and false

58
Q

Drugs must penetrate the blood brain barrier to effective the ______nervous system and have an effect.
The more _____soluble and non-ionized the drug is the more easily it will penetrate the blood brain barrier.

A

Central and lipid soluble

59
Q

If enterohepatic circulation is blocked what will happen to the drug circulating in the system

A

The drug will decrease

60
Q

When an active metabolite is formed the action of the drug is______

A

Prolonged

61
Q

Where is the primary site of metabolism by Hydrolysis

A

Blood plasma

62
Q

Drugs that cause in zyme induction cause other drugs to be more quickly______.

The other metabolize drugs will have a reduced ________.

A

Metabolized

Effect

63
Q

Erythromycin and cimetidine inhibit what organ’s enzymes

Does this increase plasma levels and affect actions of other drugs?

A

Liver

Yes and yes

64
Q

Name the methods of excretion by the kidneys

A

Glomerular
Active
Passive

65
Q

Which administration of injections in the skeletal muscle of the gluteus maximus and deltoid passes through capillary walls to enter the bloodstream.

A

IM parenteral admin

66
Q

Latin abb. for subcutaneous

A

SB or SQ

67
Q

Example of SQ

A

Insulin and dental anesthetics

68
Q

Give an example of intradermal injection.

A

For allergic reactions or TB skin test with purified protein derivative’s (PPD)

69
Q

What drug characteristic will increase the tendency of a drug to cross cell membranes

A

Non-ionized and low lipid solubility

70
Q

Name the two drug elimination routes

A

Biotransformation in excretion

71
Q

Tachphylaxis is A very rapid development of

A

Tolerance

72
Q

Displacement of a drug from last night album binding sites with usually be expected to

A

Increase blood levels of the drug

73
Q

What route a drug follow after intravenous administration

A

Vein general circulation liver kidney

74
Q

When a drug is taken orally it has to pass to barriers name the two tissue barriers

A

Epithleal cells and blood vessels

75
Q

Lipid soluble drugs are absorbed through what wall

Lipid soluble drugs go through what brain barrier

Lipid soluble drugs can be given by what form of administration

A

Absorbed through blood vessel walls
Goes through the blood brain barrier
Can be given by inhalation

Pharmacology (6 decks)

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