Fundamentals of Anatomy Physiology chapter 1 Flashcards
Superior
Uppermost or above
Four basic reference systems of body organization are?
Directions, planes, cavities and structural units
Inferior
Lower most or below
Anterior
Towards the front
Ventral
Is synonymous with anterior
Posterior
Towards the back
Dorsal
Is synonymous with posterior
Cephalad or cranial
Towards the head; it’s synonymous with superior
Medial
Nearest the midline
Lateral
Towards the side
Proximal
Nearest the point of attachment
Distal
Away from the point of attachment
A midsagittal or median plane
Vertically divides the body into equal halves
A Sagittal plane
Is parallel to a median or midsagittal plane
A horizontal or transverse plane
Divides the body into superior and inferior portions
A frontal or coronal plane
Divides the anterior and posterior portions of the body at right angles to the Sagittal planes
Cavities: the two major cavities of the body are?
The dorsal cavity and the ventral cavity
Dorsal cavity
Is subdivided into the cranial cavity, which contains the brain, and the spinal cavity, which contains the spinal cord
Ventral cavity
Is divided into two lesser cavities. The first is the thoracic cavity, which contains the heart in the pericardial cavity and the two lungs each in the pleural cavity. The second is the abdomino-pelvic cavity, which contains the digestive organs and some urinary and reproductive organs.
Parietal
Refers to the walls of a cavity
Visceral
Refers to the covering of an organ
Structural units
The cell is the basic unit of the body’s organization
Different types of cells make up the four tissues of the body
Epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous
______ are composed of cells integrated into tissues serving a common function
Organs
A _____ is a group of organs that perform a common function
System
The integumentary system consists of? What function does the integumentary system provides?
Skin, hair, nails, sweat, and sebaceous glands. It protects, insulates and regulates water and temperature.
The skeletal system consists of? What function does the skeletal system provides?
Bones and cartilage. It allows movement, makes blood cells, stores fat, protects, and supports
The muscular system consists of? What function does the muscular system provides?
Skeletal,smooth and cardiac muscle. It causes movement
The nervous system consists of? What function does the nervous system provides?
The brain, spinal cord, cranial and spinal nerves. It is the controlling, regulatory, and correlating system of the body.
The endocrine system consists of? What function does the endocrine system provides?
The endocrine glands and their hormones. It regulates chemical aspects of the body in conjunction with the nervous system
The cardiovascular, or blood circulatory system consists of? What function does the cardiovascular system provides?
The heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries. It distributes blood, carries oxygen, nutrients and wastes to and from the body cells
The lymphatic, or immune system consists of? What function does the lymphatic system provides?
Lymph nodes, lymph vessels, the thymus, and the spleen. It drains tissues of excess fluids, transports fats, and develops immunities
The respiratory system consists of? What function does the respiratory system provide?
The nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. It brings oxygen to and eliminates carbon dioxide from the blood
The digestive system consists of? What function does the digestive system provides?
The organs of the alimentary tract from the lips to the anus and it’s associated glands. It converts food into simpler substances that can be absorbed with other nutrients by the body’s cells
The urinary system consists of? What function does the urinary system provides?
The kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. It functions in the chemical regulation of the blood
The reproductive system consists of? What function does the reproductive system provides?
The ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, and vagina in the women and the testes, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, penis and urethra in men. It maintains sexual characteristics and perpetuates the species
Hemostasis
Some examples of hemostasis are?
Is the maintenance of the internal environment of the body within certain narrow ranges.
(blood sugar levels, body temperature, heart rate, and the fluid environment of the cell).
