fundamentals in pathology

Question 1

which white cell is associated with acute infection on histology?

Answer 1

neutrophil infilitration

Question 2

what is associated with chronic infection/lymphomas on histology?

Answer 2

lymhocytes/ plasma cells

Question 3

marker of acute on chronic disease on histology?

Answer 3

neutrophils and lymphocytes (both acute and chronic)

Question 4

what are eosinophils associated with?

Answer 4

allergyic reactions (drugs asthma)

parasitic infections (schistosomysis)

tumour e.g. hodgkins disease/ myleoproliferative disease as a reaction to neoplastic process.

child rectal biopsy eosinophils? maybe cows milk allergy

Question 5

what is this

Answer 5

feline contractions/ eosionphilic oesophagitis, food allergy (asthma of the esophageous

Question 6

urticarial itchy reaction, what cells is involved?

Answer 6

mast cells in epidermis

Question 7

what white cell is associated with :

late acute inflammation

chronic inflammation (granulomas)

Answer 7

macrophages

form granulomas : organised collection of activated macrophages, epitheliod macrophages

attempt to wall off foreign organisms

Question 8

liver with pale abnormal lobular material

Answer 8

granuloma: TB / sarcoid

TB: ziehl nelson stain AFB (RED) also will stain leprosey /other mycobacteria

Question 9

squamous carcinomas features

Answer 9

keratin production

intercellular bridges

not all produced keratin (oepshageous anus cervix, skin ,headneck, vagina)

thin parralel lines between cells in stratified squamous epithelium

disorganised whirls of keratin in middle.

Question 10

adenocarcinomas features

Answer 10

mucin production (alcian blue mucin stain)

glands

(lung breat stomach colon pancreas)

Question 11

what does malignant melanoma look like biopsy

Answer 11

fontana stain for melanin

Question 12

types of stain

Answer 12

histochemical staining

chemical reaction between stain and component of tissue (changes colour

e.g. prussian blue iron stain positive

glomerulus pink stuff –> congo red stain positive AMYLOID

can also be polarised (light) to show apple green birefringence

and immunohistochemical stain

immunofluorescence

immunoperoxidase

Question 13

what tumour is this?

Answer 13

first stain with cytokeratin epithethial carcinoma

CD45 reacts with all lymphocytes lymphoid marker

Question 14

what do all epithelial cells stain positive for

Answer 14

cytokeratins

different ones eg.

ck20+ ck7-

Question 15

stain for herpes simplex

Answer 15

cells with multiple nuclei, on histopathology , non specific for herpes

immunohistochemical stain

HSV-1 antibody strongly

can identify specific specific infectious agents