Fundamentals Exam #1

Question 1

Identify the normal defenses of the body against infection

Question 2

Discuss the development of the inflammatory response

Question 3

Assess patients at risk for acquiring an infection

Question 4

Explain conditions that promote development of health care–acquired infections (HAIs)

Question 5

Describe strategies for standard precautions

Question 6

Describe the Five Moments for Hand Hygiene

Question 7

Perform proper procedures for hand hygiene

Question 8

Describe the steps for applying personal protective equipment

Question 9

Accurately assess body temperature, pulse, respiration, oxygen saturation, and blood pressure

Question 10

Describe factors that cause variations in vital signs

Question 11

Identify ranges of acceptable vital sign values for an infant, child, and adult

Question 12

Explain variations in techniques used to assess vital signs in an infant, child, and adult

Question 13

Identify the physiological processes of ventilation, perfusion, cardiac output, and respiratory gas exchange

Question 14

Describe the interrelationship of cardiac output, preload, afterload, contractility, and heart rate

Question 15

Describe the effects of a patient’s health status, age, lifestyle, and environment on tissue oxygenation

Question 16

Identify and describe clinical outcomes for hyperventilation, hypoventilation, and hypoxemia

Question 17

Describe the role of the musculoskeletal and nervous systems in the regulation of activity and exercise

Question 18

Discuss physiological and pathological influences on body alignment and joint mobility

Question 19

Describe how to assess patient body alignment and levels of activity and exercise

Question 20

Formulate nursing diagnoses for patients experiencing alterations with activity and exercise

Question 21

Develop an individualized nursing care plan for a patient with impaired physical mobility

Question 22

Describe the concepts of mobility and immobility

Question 23

Discuss the physiological and psychosocial changes associated with immobility and identify the impact changes have on nursing interventions

Question 24

Explain the techniques for assessing body alignment and impaired mobility

Question 25

Identify appropriate nursing diagnoses for patients with impaired mobility

Question 26

Describe environmental hazards that pose risks to patient safety

Question 27

Discuss the importance of national patient safety resources and standards for promoting patient safety

Question 28

Describe factors that create a culture of safety

Question 29

Describe the nurse’s role in prevention of serious reportable events

Question 30

Identify relevant nursing diagnoses associated with risks to safety

Question 31

Explain approaches for establishing a restraint-free environment

Question 32

Identify factors to consider in the use of restraints

Question 33

Describe factors that influence personal hygiene practices

Question 34

Perform a comprehensive assessment of a patient’s hygiene needs

Question 35

Discuss appropriate interventions for hygiene problems

Question 36

Explain the importance of foot care for a patient with diabetes

Question 37

Discuss conditions that place patients at risk for impaired oral mucous membranes

Question 38

Describe how hygiene for older adults differs from hygiene for younger patients

Question 39

Describe the structure and function of the cardiopulmonary system

Question 40

• Identify the physiological processes of ventilation, perfusion, cardiac output, and respiratory gas exchange

Question 41

• Describe the interrelationship of cardiac output, preload, afterload, contractility, and heart rate

Question 42

• Describe the electrical conduction system of the heart

Question 43

• Describe the effects of a patient’s health status, age, lifestyle, and environment on tissue oxygenation

Question 44

• Describe clinical outcomes as a result of disturbances in conduction, altered cardiac output, impaired valvular function, myocardial ischemia, and impaired tissue perfusion

Question 45

• Identify nursing interventions for promotion, maintenance, and restoration of cardiopulmonary function in all health care settings

Question 46

• Identify and describe clinical outcomes for hyperventilation, hypoventilation, and hypoxemia

Question 47

Exam Concepts

Answer 47

— Problems with prolonged immunity
— Sources of protein
— Fall risk assessment
— Isometric exercises
— Cane ambulating
— Agitated client safety
— Hand hygiene
— Ergonomics in lifting
— Biohazard
— Crutch gait
— WBC labs
— PPE donning/doffing
— MRSA transmission
— W/C safety
— TB
— Falls
— Fires
— Restraints

Question 48

Practice problem: In 9 hours, what is the intake?

Answer 48

30mL = 1oz
240mL = 8oz
_____________
250mL NS
150mL packed RBC
15mL (=30mL)
8oz OJ
4oz jello
NS @ 75mL/h = x9 = 675mL
___________
TOTAL = 1450mL

Question 49

Order: 650mg Tylenol PO q4-6hrs
Available: 325mg tablets

Answer 49

(650mg/325mg) x quantity —> 2 tablets

Question 50

Order: 650mg
Available: 325mg/2mL

Answer 50

(650mg/325mg) x 2 = 4mL