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Italian Wine Scholar Unit 1 > Fundamentals > Flashcards

Fundamentals Flashcards

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1
Q

How many administrative regions (regioni) are there in Italy

A

20

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2
Q

What % of Italy is covered by mountains and hills?

A

77%

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3
Q

What are the two largest islands in the Mediterranean Sea?

A

Sardegna and Sicilia

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4
Q

What are the two main mountain ranges in Italy?

A

The Alps and the Apennines

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5
Q

What is the highest peak in the Apennines?

A

Massif of Gran Sasso in Abruzzo

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6
Q

What is the highest peak in the Alps?

A

Monte Bianco

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7
Q

What type of soils are the hills of Langhe, Monferrato and Chianti?

A

Sedimentary soils

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8
Q

What type of soils are the hills of Franciacorta and those around Lake Garda (Bardolino)?

A

Morainic soils

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9
Q

What type of soils are the hills of Veneto, Toscana and Campania?

A

Volcanic soils

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10
Q

Which plain is the largest in Italy?

A

Padan Plain

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11
Q

What is often referred to as “the sweet spot” for ideal vineyard land?

A

mid-slope of a hill

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12
Q

What is the orientation of a slope also known as?

A

Aspect

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13
Q

What term is used to refer to vineyards that are cultivated under extremely difficult conditions?

A

Heroic

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14
Q

What term is used to refer to vineyards whose traditional cultivation methods and techniques are tied to a specific place?

A

Historic

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15
Q

What are the four basins of the Mediterranean Sea?

A

Adriatic Sea
Ionian Sea
Tyrrhenian Sea
Ligurian Sea

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16
Q

What river has the tributaries of Tanaro, Dora, Baltea and Sesia rivers?

A

Po River

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17
Q

Limestones, calcareous marls and dolomitic sands are examples of what type of soil?

A

Sedimentary soils

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18
Q

What is the term for resulting deposit of sediment (rocks and soils) that was transported by a glacier?

A

Moraine

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19
Q

What type of soil is schist or gneiss?

A

Metamorphic soil

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20
Q

What type of climate is characterised by hot, dry summers and cool, wet winters?

A

Mediterranean climate

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21
Q

What type of climate has warm summers and cold winters with large diurnal and annual temperature variations?

A

Continental climate

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22
Q

What is the name for winds that are warm and dry and descend on the leeward side of a mountain after the condensation of water vapour on the windward side?

A

Foehn winds

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23
Q

What wind is also known as the Greco?

A

The Bora

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24
Q

Which wind blows from the north, bringing cold air from the Alps?

A

Tramontana

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25
Q

Which wind blows through the spring into autumn and brings warm, dry air from the Sahara Desert?

A

Scirocco

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26
Q

What wind is a westerly one?

A

Ponente

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27
Q

What is the most-planted red grape in Italy?

A

Sangiovese

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28
Q

What is the most planted white grape in Italy?

A

Glera

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29
Q

What white grape is native to the Roero Hills?

A

Arneis

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30
Q

What is the white grape of Gavi in Piemonte?

A

Cortese

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31
Q

What is the primary white grape of western Veneto?

A

Garganega

32
Q

Moscato Bianco is known commonly around the world as what?

A

Muscat Blanc á Petits Grains

33
Q

Which white grape’s traditional home is the area of Collio, around the town of Oslavia?

A

Ribolla Gialla

34
Q

What grape is known as Ugni Blanc in France?

A

Trebbiano Toscana

35
Q

What grape is also known as Traminer Aromatico?

A

Gewürztraminer

36
Q

Which aromatic red variety likely comes from Acqui Terme in Piemonte?

A

Brachetto

37
Q

What indigenous Valle d’Aosta red grape is also known as Picciourouzo?

A

Petit Rouge

38
Q

What is the primary red grape of Valpolicella and Bardolino?

A

Corvina

39
Q

How long after bud break does flowering typically happen?

A

6 to 9 weeks

40
Q

Why are green harvests undertaken?

A

To limit yields

41
Q

Typically how long after véraison are grapes picked?

A

45 days

42
Q

What is the name of the application used to combat downy mildew?

A

Bordeaux Mixture (copper sulfate application)

43
Q

What is the name of the Asian fruit fly that has threatened European vineyards?

A

Drosophila suzukii

44
Q

Which two varieties from Langhe have been particularly affected by Flavescence dorée?

A

Barbera and Dolcetto

45
Q

What is the name of the vine affliction that results in poor fruit set after cloudy, wet weather?

A

Coulure

46
Q

Who introduced the first type of high-training systems for the vine?

A

The Etruscans

47
Q
A
48
Q

Which vine-training system could be considered as an early example of overhead vine training?

A

Alberata

49
Q

Which pergola vine-training system uses an inclined arm?

A

Pergola Trentina

50
Q

Which two high vine-training systems are commonly in use in Emilia-Romagna?

A

Sylvoz and Geneva Double Curtain

51
Q

What is the name of the common long, cane-pruned training system that has been used in Italy, with all its variants, for centuries?

A

Guyot

52
Q

What is the name of the fungus-resistant hybrids that are being experimented with to address climate change?

A

PIWI (pilzwiderstandsfähig)

53
Q

What vessels were Italian red wines traditionally aged in?

A

Slavonian oak or chestnut casks (botti)

54
Q

Which traditional white winemaking practice was largely abandoned in the 1970s?

A

Allowing skin contact

55
Q

The great majority of Italian sparkling wines are made by what method?

A

Tank method

56
Q

Asti DOCG and Prosecco DOCG are made by what method?

A

Tank method

57
Q

Traditional method sparkling wines of Italy typically have more or less dosage than Champagne?

A

Less dosage

58
Q

The trend to use amphora began in the 2000s due to which Colio winemaker?

A

Josko Gravner

59
Q

What is the Italian term for aging on lees?

A

Sui lieviti aging

60
Q

In autolysis, what is released to result in a creamy texture?

A

Mannoproteins

61
Q

What technique is used in white winemaking to better integrate lactic flavours often created by MLF?

A

Lees stirring (bâtonnage)

62
Q

What are four common fining agents?

A

Bentonite, Gelatin, Egg whites, Casein

63
Q
A
64
Q

What is the name of the technique of partially drying grapes after harvest to concentrate sugars, acids, and flavor?

A

Appassimento

65
Q

What are the two methods used to make rosato wines?

A

Direct press and bleeding the tank (salasso)

66
Q

Who is creditted with pioneering the method to make sparkling wine, that we now call the tank method?

A

Federico Martinotti

67
Q

What is the alcohol level of a finished wine made by Asti method?

A

7 - 9.5%

68
Q

Which two categories of Italian wines fit in the EU category of Protected Designation of Origin (PDO)?

A

DOC and DOCG

69
Q

What is the name of the seal with a unique alphanumeric code on an Italian wine bottle that ensures authenticity?

A

Fascetta or sigillo

70
Q

What term refers to the original and historic winegrowing area within a DOCG or DOC?

A

Classico

71
Q

What is the official new name for Menzioni Geografica Aggiuntiva (MGA)?

A

Unità Geografica Aggiuntiva (UGA)

72
Q

If grape variety or vintage is on the label of an IGT wine, what proportion of the grapes must be that grape or of that vintage?

A

85%

73
Q

If a wine is labeled as just Vini, which seven grape varieties can be displayed on the label?

A

Cabernet Franc, Cabernet Sauvignon, Chardonnay, Merlot, Sauvignon Blanc, Syrah, and Cabernet

74
Q

What is the name of the voluntary organization formed by producers, co-operatives, and merchants of a DOC or DOCG?

A

Consorzio

75
Q

What is the name of the official legal document behind the regulations of a DOC, DOCG, or IGT?

A

Disciplinare di produzione

Italian Wine Scholar Unit 1 (6 decks)

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