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Fundamentals- Keiser > Fundamentals > Flashcards

Fundamentals Flashcards

1
Q

What is culture?

A

Learned patterned behavioral responses over time.
Examples: attitudes, values, customs/norms

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2
Q

How is culture primarily learned?

A

Family and community

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of culture?

A

Learned
Shared unequally
Dynamic (changes)
Diverse
Reasonable from ones own perspective
Not easily described
Ethnocentric (they view as correct)
Relative (different meanings to same things)
Pervasive & holistic
Ritualistic
Recognizable on many levels

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4
Q

Review question:
The statement, “This is the only acceptable alternative to approaching this problem” is an example of which characteristic of culture?

A

A. Ethnocentric

Rationale: one beliefs are held as truths and only correct view on the world.

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5
Q

What is ethnicity?

A

Self-conscious, past-oriented form of identity based on cultural & maybe ancestral heritage

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6
Q

What is a minority?

A

Group of people w/in society who differ in ethnicity, race, nationality, religion, sex, politics, language

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7
Q

What is race?

A

Set of categories created by society based on physical appearance or place of origin

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8
Q

What is racism?

A

Skin color is used to place value

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9
Q

What are subcultures?

A

Ethnic, regional, economic, or social group having similar patterns of behavior

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10
Q

What is ageism?

A

Stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination of one because of age

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11
Q

What is stereotyping?

A

Categorizing people based on culture, race, or ethnicity

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12
Q

Review question:
T/F: stereotyping are preconceived and untested beliefs about people.

A

True.

Rationale: stereotypes are exaggerated descriptors. They are dreaming/idealizing.

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13
Q

What are open-ended interviews?

A

Respondents use their own words to answer

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14
Q

What are the 2 types of interviews?

A

Explanatory model
Ethnographic interview

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15
Q

What is explanatory model?

A

Open-ended interview

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16
Q

What is ethnographic interview?

A

More structured and leads to deeper meaning

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17
Q

What are key informants?

A

People who have expert or native knowledge about culture
Bilingual/cultural interpreters
Family/friends
Religious figures

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18
Q

Review question:
Which of the following is the best method for assessing a pt’s cultural beliefs & values?

A

B. Conducting an open-ended interview w/ pt

Rationale:
Open-ended interview are free from influence.

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19
Q

What is the importance of culturally competent nurses?

A

Understands diverse group of pts
Recognition of own culture/biases
Minimizes culture shock

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20
Q

Review question:
T/F: When nurses experience culture shock, it may lead them to an increasingly awareness of the strengths and weaknesses their own culture.

A

True.

Rationale: culture shock often provokes self reflections; leading to final stage of culture shock. Now aware of strengths and weaknesses.

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21
Q

What is the typical review pattern?

A

Question
Response
Clarification

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22
Q

What is the interview meant to do?

A

Guide patient to talk

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23
Q

What are the comments of an ethnographic interview?

A

Open-ended General question
Key term(s) clarification
Accurate & complete documentation

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24
Q

What does routine self-care mean?

A

Refers to persons ability to perform primary care w/out help

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25
Q

What are the 4 areas of routine self-care?

A

Bathing
Feeding
Toileting
Dressing

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26
Q

What is the meaning of hygiene?

A

Performance of routine self-care

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27
Q

What are the health effects of bathing?

A

Keeps skin intact & healthy
Prevents infection
Removes oils, perspiration, and bacteria
Increases circulation
Promotes relaxation & comfort
Promotes sense of well being

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28
Q

Review question:
T/F: although, other routine self-care areas are important, the self-care routine of feeding is the most important in terms of fostering feelings of independence & self-concept.

A

True.

Rationale: most important to promote independence.

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29
Q

What are factors to self care practice?

A

Environment
Motivation
Mental health
Cognitive abilities
Energy
Pain
Acute illness
Surgery
Neuromuscular function
Sensory deficits

30
Q

Review question:
A pt has chronic respiratory condition & is on home O2. He mentions to the nurse that he is starting to have trouble performing some of his activities of daily living. Most likely factor affecting his self care ability is:

A

Energy

Rationale: chronic respiratory issues would lead to lack of energy. Motivation & Cognitive factors would have to be further assessed.

31
Q

What are the manifestations of altered self-care?

A

Poor hygiene/grooming
Not able to demonstrate self care
Says they don’t want to or shows reluctance

32
Q

What are possible nursing diagnoses for bad self care?

A

Bathing/hygiene self-care deficit
Feeding self-care deficit
Dressing/grooming self care deficit
Toileting self care deficit

33
Q

What are some outcome identification and planning the nurse could use?

A

Active participation in hygiene measures
Increased level of independence eating
Active participation in dressing
Managing toileting as independently as possible

34
Q

What are some nursing interventions for self care?

A

Scheduling care assistance
Bathing and skin care- methods of bathing
Perineal care
Sits bath
Back massage
Foot care
Hair care- shampooing
Shaving
Feeding
Toileting- beside commodes, urinals, bedpans, condom cath

35
Q

Review question:
T/F: temp of water sits bath should be maintained between 105-110 degrees F.

A

True.

Rationale: usually lasts 20 mins; take care not to burn pt

36
Q

What are some things to educate the pt for safe self care?

A

Bathing: no slip mats, hand rails, shower chairs
Grooming/dressing: sit down, wear easy to put on clothes, nonslip shoes
Food prep: easy make, good food choices, encourage rest before and after
Toileting: hand washing, commodes, urinals, hand grips

37
Q

Why is mobility important?

A

Fundamental to daily living, & ADL performance
Important for stress release, protection, an self concept
Vital to musculoskeletal system

38
Q

What is the structure of the musculoskeletal system?

A

Bones
Muscle
Joints

39
Q

What is the bones do?

A

Framework for muscles, tendon, ligaments to attach

40
Q

What do muscles do?

A

Striated, long muscle fibers connect at or across joints

41
Q

What does joints do?

A

Areas where bone meets bone; ligaments/tendons connect and support joints.

42
Q

What is the normal physiological function of musculoskeletal system?

A

Alignment/posture
Balance
Coordinated movement

43
Q

What is body mechanics?

A

Uses alignment, posture, and balance to coordinate efforts to perform activities

44
Q

Review question:
Which parts of the brain are not responsible for smooth control of voluntary motor functions?

A

A. Limbic system

Rationale: it is involved w/ the processes of motivation, emotion, learning, and memory.

45
Q

Review question:
Which of the following terms describes movement characterized by slow, irregular, twisting motions?

A

D. Athetosis

Rationale: ataxia is impaired muscle coordination. A tremor is rhythmic repetition movement. Chorea is spontaneous, brief, and involuntary muscle twitch

46
Q

What are some things you could do in assessment for normal pattern identification?

A

Exercise, work type, leisure activities
Satisfaction w/ activity level
Rating scale of independence level

47
Q

What risk identifiers should the nurse look out for?

A

Assess for weakness/fatigue/distress after exercise or activity

Assess fall risk

Assess for present/chronic health probs

48
Q

What testing could you use to assess mobility issues?

A

X-ray
Arthrograms
Myelograms
Bone mineral density testing
Arthroscopy (exam of joint w/ fiber optic instrument)
Hematocrit (HCT)
Hemoglobin (HgB)

49
Q

An obese patient slid down to the bottom of the hospital bed and was assisted back up by several unit staff members. The most likely type of mechanical force that might cause injury to the skin in this case is:
Pressure
Friction
Shear
Gravity

A

Shear

Rationale: happens when immobile, because friction anchors to sheets/other surfaces; deeper structures move with pt

50
Q

What are the phases of wound healing?

A

Hemostasis (coagulation)
Inflammatory (assist & prevent)
Proliferation (rebuild)
Maturation (healed)

51
Q

Is the following statement true or false?

Clean surgical incisions heal by primary intention.

A

True.

Rationale: minimal tissue loss (clean surgical incision/shallow wounds) heal by primary intention

52
Q

What is the best environment for would healing?

A

Constantly moist

53
Q

Is the following statement true or false?

An application of a cold pack to the leg of a patient with peripheral vascular disease is much less likely to cause a complication than the application of a hot pack.

A

False

Rationale: cold= constriction, heat= dilation; decreases circulation to compromised area

54
Q

What should you do with dry wounds?

A

Wet it

55
Q

What do you do w/ a wet wound?

A

Dry it

56
Q

The nurse has assessed that Ellie Smith does not believe that immunizations for her children are necessary. Which of the domains of learning would the nurse most likely target in providing education for her?
A.Cognitive
B.Affective
C.Psychomotor
D.Complianc

A

Ab. Affective

Rationale: affective learning= learning aimed at changing:
Beliefs
Attitudes
Values

57
Q

What is primary prevention?

A

Health & wellness promotion:
Allows increase in health control for pt
Associated with lifestyle choices increasing wellness

58
Q

The nurse asks Devon to read a food label and determine how many calories are contained in a two-serving package. Devon responds with the calorie count for the entire package. Which learning readiness factor has most likely affected Devon’s answer?
A.Motivation
B.Compliance
C.Literacy level
D.Health literacy level

A

D. Health literacy level

Rationale: Devon failed to take # of servings into consideration; got correct # of contained calories, showing some literacy

59
Q

After showing a video of a newborn bath to Laura, the nurse asks her to bathe her baby. This method of learning assessment is known as:
A.“Teach-Back” method
B.Check-off lists
C.Return demonstration
D.Simulation

A

C. Return demonstration

Rationale: nurse observes pt performing new skill; teachback= pt attempts to teach info back to nurse; simulation= uses models for demonstrating

60
Q

Is the following statement true or false?

●Health promotion behaviors are behaviors that are very specific and targeted to the individual’s state of health.

A

False:

Rationale: health promotion behavior= general behavior or make health better; not specific

61
Q

Is the following statement true or false?

●Water soluble vitamins such as vitamin C can be stored by the body and can have potential toxic effects with excessive intake.

A

False.

Rationale: fat soluble is stored; water soluble is excreted

62
Q

During a physical assessment, it was found that a patient has loose-fitting dentures and a resultant mouth sore. The most appropriate nursing diagnosis related to this finding would be:
A.Imbalanced nutrition: Less than body requirements
B.Impaired swallowing
C.Imbalanced nutrition: More than body requirements
D.Readiness for enhanced nutrition

A

A. Imbalanced nutrition: less than body requirements

Rationale: intake is more likely from poor dentition & pain from sores

63
Q

The ChooseMyPlate.gov website is a food guidance system that demonstrates desired amounts of food groups by means of portions on a plate graphic. All food groups are included in the graphic except:
A.Grains
B.Fruits
C.Protein
D.Carbohydrates

A

D. Carbs

Rationale: not discrete category created for carbs

64
Q

The two general causes of increased work of breathing are restricted lung movement and airway obstruction. The condition most likely to cause restricted lung movement is:
A.Pulmonary fibrosis
B.Asthma
C.Cystic fibrosis
D.Croup

A

A.

Rationale: other choices doesn’t reduce lung movement as much

65
Q

Which of the following techniques of physical examination is used to assess fremitus?
A.Inspection
B.Palpation
C.Auscultation
D.Percussion

A

B.

Rationale: fremitus= vibration of air movement through chest wall, best felt by placing palm on back and having pt say 99

66
Q

T/F:

Pulse oximetry measures the adequacy of ventilation and results can be an early indicator of respiratory depression or ventilatory failure.

A

False.

Rationale: measures Arterial O2

67
Q

T/F:

Because O2 is not a med, a prescription isn’t needed for home use

A

False.

Rationale: O2= drug

68
Q

Is the following statement true or false?

Self-concept is the same as self-perception.

A

False

Rationale: Self-concept is the mental image a person has of oneself. Self-perception is how a person explains behavior based on self-observation.

69
Q

Is the following statement true or false?

Interpersonal role conflict exists when role expectations conflict with the person’s values.

A

False

Rationale: Intrapersonal role conflict exists when role expectations conflict with the person’s values. Interpersonal role conflict exists when the person’s expectations differ from those of a significant other.

70
Q

While taking a patient history, the nurse asks the patient how he feels about himself. What step of the nursing process does this represent?

A. Assessment
B. Outcome planning
C. Health promotion
D. Evaluation

A

A. Assessment

Rationale: Asking questions during a patient history is a part of the assessment phase of the nursing process. Outcome identification is done with the help of the patient after assessment and formulation of nursing diagnoses. Health promotion is a method of care plan implementation. Evaluation is done to measure the attainment of goals.

71
Q

Is the following statement true or false?

Family members do not always live together in one household but are connected by their relationships.

A

True

Rationale: Persons themselves define who is in their family; physical location alone does not define family membership.

72
Q

A nurse is caring for a patient who retired from his job recently. What manifestation of altered family function is the patient most likely to face?

A. Role strain
B. Emotional problems
C. Abuse
D. Isolation

A

Emotional problems

Rationale: Retired persons are more prone to the emotional problem of depression. Role strain usually is manifested when additional roles are given to people in addition to those already existing. Abuse often is a result of unhealthy life style such as substance abuse. Isolation is a manifestation of the family’s difficulty in communicating with a family member.

Fundamentals- Keiser (3 decks)

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