Fundamentals Flashcards
What are the four sections of a vine? From the ground up.
- roots
- permanent wood
- one-year-old wood
- shoots
What are the five structures of the shoots?
- buds
- leaves
- tendrils
- lateral shoots
- inflorescences/grape bunches
What three things does the main axis of the shoot do?
- support the other part of the shoot
- transport water and solutes (in this instance include
sugars and minerals) - store of carbohydrates.
What are the two functions of lateral shoots?
- allow the plant to carry on growing if the tip of the primary shoot has been damaged
- provide an additional source of leaves for photosynthesis
What is the advantage of a lateral shoot (if the primary shoot is undamaged)?
What are the three disadvantages?
What is a consequence that can be positive or negative?
Additional source of leaves for photosynthesis
Disadvantages:
- impede air flow
- shade the fruit
- use resources
Often produce inflorescences, a ‘second crop’.
What are the five impacts of second crops?
What three ways can they be dealt with?
Ripen later:
- higher in acidity
- lower in sugar
- unripe tannins
- unripe aromas/flavours
- less colour development.
Addressed by:
- remove lateral shoots by green harvesting
- hand-harvest, be selective
- leave in, may balance over-ripe fruit
What is the main role of leaves?
How does that process work?
What can interfere with it and what is are the two effects?
The main site of photosynthesis in the vine:
- Stomata (pores) open on the underside of the leaves, letting water diffuse out and carbon dioxide in
- sugars produced are used for vine growth and metabolism
- as water diffuses from the leaf, transpiration draws water and nutrients from the soil up through the vine to the leaves.
Stomata partially close if the vine is water-stressed:
- conserve water
- limit photosynthesis by preventing carbon dioxide from entering
What five things are a grape is made up of? From plant to centre of the grape.
- Stalk
- Bloom
- Skin
- Pulp
- Seed
What are the four things the pulp is made of?
What colour is the pulp?
- water
- sugars
- acids
- aroma C&Ps
The pulp of most grapes is colourless. Exceptions include teinturier varieties.
What three things does the skin contain?
- aroma C&P
- tannins
- colour compounds
What three things does the seed contain?
- oils
- tannins
- the embryo
What four things do roots do for a vine?
- anchoring the vine
- uptake of water and nutrients
- store of carbohydrates and
- produce hormones
How far down do roots go? What four things influence their distribution in the soil?
Most of the vine’s roots are found in the top 50 cm of the soil but roots have been found that reach over six metres down.
- soil properties
- irrigation
- cultivation
- the type of rootstock.
What is clonal selection?
The selection of vines with particularly favourable characteristics for propagation of a clonal line by cuttings
What are the two advantages and two disadvantages of buying clones from nurseries?
Advantages:
- tested to be free from viruses
- potential uniformity of vines makes management of the vineyard simpler
Disadvantages:
- less diversity in the fruit potentially produces less complexity and balance
- makes the vineyard more susceptible to disease
