fundamentalism Flashcards
list 4 characteristics of fundamentalism:
- ‘us and them mentality’
- authoritative sacred text
- patriarchy
- use of modern technology
How is an ‘us and them mentality’ a characteristic of fundamentalism according to Davie?
Davie- fs seek to establish islands of certainty against social chaos
-> sep from rest of world
how is an authoritative sacred text a characteristic of fundamentalism? how does Aldridge criticise this…
Christian fs follow literal word of bible, not up to questioning
CRIT- A-> bible cannot be seen as an objective fact, texts must be interpreted
According to Hawley, how is patriarchy a characteristic of fundamentalism?
fs are often in control of women’s sexuality and social and economic roles
how is modern technology a characteristic of fundamentalism?
fs use modern technology to preach their aims YET oppose modern culture (materialism, liberalism etc..?.)
According to Davie, how does fundamentalism occur? How does Giddens support this? - how is he criticised?
F= a product of globalisation-> undermines traditional norms e.g. nuclear family
- modern soci- people have choice= f retreat back into faith based answers
CRIT- RF are not rejecting creating a cultural identity-> they choose RF- reflexive thinking
According to Giddens, how is cosmopolitanism a response to pm?
cosmo= less dogmatic thinking, people embrace modernity and globalisation
-> reflexive thinking- people think on actions and beliefs-> modify them, movement towards personal choice and self growth
According to Bauman, how do people respond to postmodernism? How is this crit?
Bauman- people respond to freedom and uncertainty by turning to fs- absolute truth (sacred text)
CRIT- fs is not widespread, little people participate
According to Castells, what are 2 responses to postmodernism?
- resistance identity- defensive- people retreat back into fs identities
- project identity- people embrace new social movements e.g. feminism
how does Beckford criticise Giddens, Bauman and castells?
draw the line too harshly between funda and cosmo-> ignore hybrid
According to Bruce, how can monotheism cause fundamentalism? How is this criticised/
monotheism (one god)-> glob threatens trad beliefs and authoritative sacred texts= funda (e.g. Christianity, islam)
crit:
- Fs occurs in Hindusim (polytheistic)
- Fs groups are foten a mix of religious and political ideas-> cannot define groups
what are the 2 types of fundamentalism:
- Western- Christian fundamentalism occurs d2 diverse change in society e.g. ncr oppose gender equality etc, aim to shape laws and morals of society
- Third world- Islamic fundamentalism occurs as a reaction to changes from the outside, triggered by western ideas-> marginalise religion to private sphere (resist state)
According to Davie, what is secular fundamentalism?
sf emerged d2 modern change in society
since 70s- uncertainty of globalisation, loss of faith in liberalism, secular ideas-> attracted to fund
e.g. 2004- french schools banned veil (nationalism)
According to Huntington, what is the ‘clash of civilisations’?
How is he criticised?
conflicts e.g. 9/11 are d2 clash of civilisations (7 sections of world he refs and their differing belief systems, H- islam’s approach to globalisation is the problem)
CRIT:
1. Backson- H stereotypes Isalmic as untrustworthy, inferior, enemy
2. Cassanova- ignores important religious divisions between civilisations
According to Norris and Inglehart, what is the ‘real clash of civilisations’?
muslims dividing from modern culture, differing gender, liberal attitudes
west= liberal
muslim= traditional
