fundamental skills

Question 1

what is a factor variable

ordinal and nominal

Answer 1

catergory.
ordinal= in order (low, medium, high)
nominal= no order

Question 2

how to calculate sum of squares

Answer 2

1) calculate mean of sample
2) subtract mean from each sample and square the difference
3) sum the squared differences

use sum of sqaures to calculate f-ratio and standard deviation

Question 3

what is a covariate variable

continous and discrete

Answer 3

range of values
continuous= given any range
discrete= doing a count

Question 4

the difference between a dependent variable (response) and independent variable (explanatory)

example= the variation in test score is explained by how much you studie

Answer 4

dependent = can change based on different factors e.g test score
independent = factor that changes depednet variable. stands alone. cannot be influenced by other variables. eg. how much you studied

Question 5

what is the p-value?

Answer 5

the probability of the test statistic being that extreme or more if the null hypothesis is true

Question 6

how calculate degree of freedom

Answer 6

sample size - 1 =
degree of freedom

Question 7

how to calculate the f-ratio

Answer 7

the mean of sum of squares divided by residual mean sum of squares

Question 8

how to calculate the range

Answer 8

maxiumum value - minimum value

Question 9

how to calculate standard devation

using sum of squares

Answer 9

sqaure root of sum of sqaures = standard deviation