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AICP Prep > Fundamental Planning Knowledge > Flashcards

Fundamental Planning Knowledge Flashcards

1
Q

Colonial America, Savannah

A

Oglethorpe

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2
Q

1862

A

Homestead and Merrill acts

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3
Q

1869

A

Riverside
First subdued
Olmstead sr and vaux
Curvilinear streets

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4
Q

White city

A

Neoclassical architecture; city beautiful

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5
Q

Garden city characteristics

A

32k people
6,000 acres

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6
Q

Radiant city

A

Le corbusier
Superblocks, towers
Vehicle tracel

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7
Q

Standard city enabling act features

A

-the organization and power of the planning commission,
-“master plan”
- master street plan
-provision for approval of all public improvements by the planning commission
-control of private subdivision of land
-regional planning commission and a regional plan

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8
Q

Standard state enabling act 1922

A

grant of power, a provision that the legislative body could divide the local government’s territory into districts, a statement of purpose for the zoning regulations, and procedures for establishing and amending the zoning regulations. A legislative body was required to establish a zoning commission to advise it on the initial development of zoning regulations.

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9
Q

Concentric model

A

Burgerss
Circles with CBD in center
Industry
Residential

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10
Q

Regional survey of NY and it’s environs

A

Clarence perry
Neighborhood unit with schools as focal point

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11
Q

Broadacre city

A

Frank Lloyd weight
Sprawl

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12
Q

Christaller

A

Central place theory 1933

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13
Q

TVA

A

1933
Norris
City humane movement
Possibly: Fontana, Boulder

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14
Q

Hoyt

A

Sector theory
Corridors of transport

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15
Q

City functional

A

1940’s

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16
Q

Harris & ullman

A

Multiple nuclei model

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17
Q

Planning movements

A

1800s: agrarian
1850: parks movement (I.e. Central Park)
1850-1920s: public health / sanitary reform
1880s: settlement house
1893: city beautiful movement
1924: radiant city / 20th century social housing
1920s: city efficient
-standard zoning enabling
1930: city humane
-new deal
-green belt towns
1932: broad acre city
1940s: city functional
-administrative efficiency

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18
Q

Jean Gottman

A

Coined megapolis

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19
Q

Image of the city

A

Lynch

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20
Q

City in history

A

Mumford

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21
Q

Kent

A

Urban general plan

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22
Q

Lucas v. South Carolina coastal commission

A

Two ocean lots; permits denied
USSC: deemed that denied all economic use
- went too far under Pennsylvania coal

23
Q

Tahoe-Sierra Preservation Council v. Tahoe regional planning agency 2000

A

Planning agency declared permit moratorium for 32 months
-people wanted $ for temporary takings
-not a per se taking
-parcel as a whole review

24
Q

Nolan

A

Easement for public access
-has to be a reasonable nexus to a legitimate state interest
-burden on agency

25
Q

Dolan

A

Essential nexus is not enough; also must meet rough proportionality between e action and impacts on property

26
Q

Village of Belle Terre v Boraas

A

Attempted to define family
SCOTUS: deferred to legislative process ie. Euclid

27
Q

Mount Laurel I

A

1960s urban renewal; white flight
Township used police power to discourage blacks from moving there
Church petitions for townhomes; denied
SCOTUS: all municipalities must provide fair share or regional housing needs

28
Q

Mount Laurel II

A

Mt. Laurel adopted limited response to Mt Laurel II
Court repeats and expands its requirements for statewide compliance

29
Q

Renton v playtime theaters

A

1986
1,000’ separation of adult uses
Has to be Content neutral

30
Q

Golden v Ramapoo 1972

A

Improvement required for essential services / utilities
Can phase growth; concurrency
1st statement that towns have power to plan for future
- not a SC case

31
Q

Petaluma 1975

A

Growth management boundary
Building permit caps
Lower court (not SCOTUS): right to maintain small town character + orderly growth

32
Q

Livermore (1976)

A

City prohibited new residential permits until infrastructure was completed with specified standards (ie. Schools and utilities) / performance criteria / temporary moratorium
Court: ordinance Carrie’s presumption of constitutionality

33
Q

Rational planning

A

1950s
Set goals > determine alternatives > evaluate alternatives > choose an alternative > evaluate > “five “ds”
-scientific
Supposed to be value free
Can’t address wicked problems
Not good if no consensus
Expert driven rather than community driven
Discredited but still used in transportation

34
Q

Incremental planning

A

Science of muddling through
Who’s goals are used?

35
Q

Mixed scanning

A

Etzioni
Compromise between rational and incremental planning
Big and small picture
A third approach

36
Q

Transaction planning

A

Mutual learning

37
Q

Communicative planning

A

More open planning; intense public process
Assists in forging consensus

38
Q

Swassey

A

Boston building height 1909

39
Q

First state to require referral of subdivision plays

A

1913 New Jersey

40
Q

New towns

A

Columbia, MD; Reston

41
Q

Edge city example

A

Tyson’s corner DC

42
Q

Indoor shopping mall

A

Rouse
Columbia, MD

43
Q

Clarence stein

A

Garden City
Rayburn NJ

44
Q

Neighborhood unit

A

5,000-9,000
160 acres
10 du/ac
10% open space

45
Q

Peter Calthorpe

A

New urbanism

46
Q

Woonerf

A

Equal right to road / livable streets

47
Q

Parkscore index

A

72% within 10 minutes or 1:2 mile of park

48
Q

EIS public involvement

A
  1. Scoping
  2. Comment period on draft EIS
  3. Comment on formal EIS ROD
49
Q

Safe water drinking act

A

1984
State wellhead protection

50
Q

Sold source acquired

A

50% + of drinking water for area

51
Q

Section 404

A

Dredge and fill 1977
Clean water act

52
Q

Superfund

A

1980
Responsible party for cleanup
Cradle to grave regulations
Reauthorized by Sara 1986: community right to know

53
Q

Edge city characteristics

A

5 million sf office
600k sf retail
More jobs than bedrooms
Perceived as 1 place
Looked nothing like a city 30 years ago

AICP Prep (8 decks)

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