Fundamental Planning Knowledge Flashcards
Colonial America, Savannah
Oglethorpe
1862
Homestead and Merrill acts
1869
Riverside
First subdued
Olmstead sr and vaux
Curvilinear streets
White city
Neoclassical architecture; city beautiful
Garden city characteristics
32k people
6,000 acres
Radiant city
Le corbusier
Superblocks, towers
Vehicle tracel
Standard city enabling act features
-the organization and power of the planning commission,
-“master plan”
- master street plan
-provision for approval of all public improvements by the planning commission
-control of private subdivision of land
-regional planning commission and a regional plan
Standard state enabling act 1922
grant of power, a provision that the legislative body could divide the local government’s territory into districts, a statement of purpose for the zoning regulations, and procedures for establishing and amending the zoning regulations. A legislative body was required to establish a zoning commission to advise it on the initial development of zoning regulations.
Concentric model
Burgerss
Circles with CBD in center
Industry
Residential
Regional survey of NY and it’s environs
Clarence perry
Neighborhood unit with schools as focal point
Broadacre city
Frank Lloyd weight
Sprawl
Christaller
Central place theory 1933
TVA
1933
Norris
City humane movement
Possibly: Fontana, Boulder
Hoyt
Sector theory
Corridors of transport
City functional
1940’s
Harris & ullman
Multiple nuclei model
Planning movements
1800s: agrarian
1850: parks movement (I.e. Central Park)
1850-1920s: public health / sanitary reform
1880s: settlement house
1893: city beautiful movement
1924: radiant city / 20th century social housing
1920s: city efficient
-standard zoning enabling
1930: city humane
-new deal
-green belt towns
1932: broad acre city
1940s: city functional
-administrative efficiency
Jean Gottman
Coined megapolis
Image of the city
Lynch
City in history
Mumford
Kent
Urban general plan
Lucas v. South Carolina coastal commission
Two ocean lots; permits denied
USSC: deemed that denied all economic use
- went too far under Pennsylvania coal
Tahoe-Sierra Preservation Council v. Tahoe regional planning agency 2000
Planning agency declared permit moratorium for 32 months
-people wanted $ for temporary takings
-not a per se taking
-parcel as a whole review
Nolan
Easement for public access
-has to be a reasonable nexus to a legitimate state interest
-burden on agency
Dolan
Essential nexus is not enough; also must meet rough proportionality between e action and impacts on property
Village of Belle Terre v Boraas
Attempted to define family
SCOTUS: deferred to legislative process ie. Euclid
Mount Laurel I
1960s urban renewal; white flight
Township used police power to discourage blacks from moving there
Church petitions for townhomes; denied
SCOTUS: all municipalities must provide fair share or regional housing needs
Mount Laurel II
Mt. Laurel adopted limited response to Mt Laurel II
Court repeats and expands its requirements for statewide compliance
Renton v playtime theaters
1986
1,000’ separation of adult uses
Has to be Content neutral
Golden v Ramapoo 1972
Improvement required for essential services / utilities
Can phase growth; concurrency
1st statement that towns have power to plan for future
- not a SC case
Petaluma 1975
Growth management boundary
Building permit caps
Lower court (not SCOTUS): right to maintain small town character + orderly growth
Livermore (1976)
City prohibited new residential permits until infrastructure was completed with specified standards (ie. Schools and utilities) / performance criteria / temporary moratorium
Court: ordinance Carrie’s presumption of constitutionality
Rational planning
1950s
Set goals > determine alternatives > evaluate alternatives > choose an alternative > evaluate > “five “ds”
-scientific
Supposed to be value free
Can’t address wicked problems
Not good if no consensus
Expert driven rather than community driven
Discredited but still used in transportation
Incremental planning
Science of muddling through
Who’s goals are used?
Mixed scanning
Etzioni
Compromise between rational and incremental planning
Big and small picture
A third approach
Transaction planning
Mutual learning
Communicative planning
More open planning; intense public process
Assists in forging consensus
Swassey
Boston building height 1909
First state to require referral of subdivision plays
1913 New Jersey
New towns
Columbia, MD; Reston
Edge city example
Tyson’s corner DC
Indoor shopping mall
Rouse
Columbia, MD
Clarence stein
Garden City
Rayburn NJ
Neighborhood unit
5,000-9,000
160 acres
10 du/ac
10% open space
Peter Calthorpe
New urbanism
Woonerf
Equal right to road / livable streets
Parkscore index
72% within 10 minutes or 1:2 mile of park
EIS public involvement
- Scoping
- Comment period on draft EIS
- Comment on formal EIS ROD
Safe water drinking act
1984
State wellhead protection
Sold source acquired
50% + of drinking water for area
Section 404
Dredge and fill 1977
Clean water act
Superfund
1980
Responsible party for cleanup
Cradle to grave regulations
Reauthorized by Sara 1986: community right to know
Edge city characteristics
5 million sf office
600k sf retail
More jobs than bedrooms
Perceived as 1 place
Looked nothing like a city 30 years ago
