Fundamental Planning Knowledge Flashcards
1909
The first national conference on city planning was held.
Year of the standard city planning enabling act passed by Dept of commerce
1928
Year of standard state zoning enabling act passed by Dept of commerce
1924
When was naics developed
Developed by us Canada and Mexico in 2002
Housing act of 1954
Created 701 comprehensive planning program - federal planning assistance to local governments which was a significant boost to local planning
Slum prevention
Synoptic planning
elements: (1) goal setting; (2) identification of policy alternatives; (3) evaluation of means against ends: and, implementation of the preferred alternative. The process is not always undertaken in the above sequence, and each stage permits multiple iterations, feedback loops and sub processes. For example, evaluation can consist of procedures such as benefit cost analysis, decision trees, PERT, linear programming, operations research, systems analysis, etc. Synoptic planning uses conceptual or mathematical models to relate the ends (objectives) to the means (resources and constraints). The real advantage of the synoptic approach is its basic simplicity.
Radical planning
planning method that emphasizes creativity, spontaneity, and innovation.
Radical planning is an ambiguous tradition that is usually associated with spontaneous activism guided by an idealistic vision of personal, self-reliance. It stresses the importance of personal growth, cooperative spirit and freedom from
manipulation by force. More than other planning approaches, radicalism consists of
collective actions that can achieve concrete results in the immediate future. It calls for a
minimum amount of intervention by bureaucracies and maximum participation of people in defining, controlling and experimenting with solutions to their own problems. An example of a radical approach to planning would be to allow neighborhood committees to take over the planning functions that are usually found in centralized community
development departments. Radical planning calls for ideas to be tested in actions aimed at
permanent change in social institutions and values
Utopianism
Utopian planning seeks to fire the public’s imagination by proposing
sweeping new approaches to traditional urban problems. It shares some attributes with
advocacy and radical planning theory, although these approaches are more common
when different groups have clearly stated by conflicting goals. In utopian planning, goals
are clearly and powerfully stated, usually by a single person recognized by his supporters
as a “visionary.” Examples abound, including Le Corbusier’s Contemporary City,
Ebenezer Howard’s Garden City, Daniel Burnham’s White City and Frank Lloyd Wright’s
Broadacre City. Each of these “visionary” plans, along with many others, have as their
underlying purpose the improvement of mankind’s urban experience through extensive
changes in conventional methods.
Cohen v des plains 1990
Zoning cannot be used to give churches an advantage over commercial establishments; church em could have day care but commercial entities could not
Calvert cliffs v us atomic energy commission 1971
Overturned approval of nuclear plant because the aec did not follow NEPA. Gave NEPA strength
Moore v city of East Cleveland 1977
Cities cannot define family so that the definition prevents closely related individuals from living with each other.
Kavanau v Santa Monica rent control board 1997
Regulation that leaves some economically beneficial uses may still be a taking
Lucas v South Carolina coastal commission 1992
Restrictions on use must show nexus to nuisance
Dolan v city of Tigard 1994
Requires reasonable relationship between conditions and impact
Mount laurel ll
Regulations do not prevent a jurisdictions achieving a fair share of regional growth, but affirmative measures should be used to ensure that a fair goal is reached.
