Fundamental Particles Flashcards
In 1661, Boyle founded what?
Chemical elements
In 1803, what did Dalton suggest?
Atoms formed elements and atoms were indivisible
What did Becquerel discover in 1896?
Radioactivity and showed atoms not indivisible
In 1897, what did Thompson contribute?
founded electrons-showed they were negatively charged-developed plum pudding model
What is the plum pudding model?
cloud of positive charge with embedded electrons
In 1911, what did Rutherford believe?
Most mass and all positive charge found inside tiny nucleus
What are the sub-atomic particles?
protons-positive-relative +1
neutrons-neutral-relative 0
electrons-negative-relative -1
Where are the protons and neutrons found?
nucleus
Where are electrons found?
In orbits/shells surrounding the nucleus
What forces hold protons and neutrons together?
strong nuclear force
What forces hold protons and electrons together?
weak electrostatic attraction
What is the atomic number (Z)?
Number of protons
Why are atoms electrically neutral?
Number of electrons and protons are equal
What do outer shell electrons determine?
The atoms chemical properties
What is the atomic number responsible for?
showing atoms chemical identity
What is the mass number (A)?
Total number of protons and neutrons within nucleus
What is an isotope?
atoms with same number of protons but different number of neutrons
Why do isotopes not change how the element chemically reacts?
has the same electron configuration
Why do isotopes have different physical properties?
different number of neutrons affects mass and density
Why do isotopes have the same chemical properties?
Number of electrons remains the same
