Electron Arrangement Flashcards
What ideas did Bohr propose in 1913?
atoms consist of tiny positive nucleus orbited by negative electrons in shells of fixed size
What did Chadwick discover in 1932?
Neutron
What were Lewis’s ideas to atoms?
-inertness of noble gases due to full outer shell
-ions formed by loss or gain of electrons
-atoms can bond by sharing electrons
How are electrons arranged?
In shells/orbitals
How do orbitals/shells fill?
first shell closest to nucleus fills then the second and so forth
What rule is applied to the number of electrons in each shell?
2n2 (n is the shell number)
What is the link between the number of protons and number of electrons?
they are directly proportionate (same number)
What do electrons have in shells?
Differing amounts of energy
What are the 4 sub-levels?
s,p,d and f
What sub levels does level one consist of?
Only an s
What sub levels does level two consist of?
s and p
What sub levels does level three consist of?
s, p and d
What are the shapes of the s,p and d orbitals?
S-spherical
P-dumbbell
D-cloverleaf
For each main level, how many sub levels are there in each?
level one has a single s orbital
level two has one s and three p orbitals
level three has one s, three p and five d orbitals
How many electrons are in the s-orbital?
hold up to two electrons
How many electrons does a p-orbital hold?
up to six electrons
How many electrons does a d-orbital hold?
up to ten electrons
Where are electrons removed from?
from the lowest energy sub level
Why is the 4s sub level labelled before the 3d sub level?
4s sub level is of slightly lower energy
How is spin applied to electrons?
two electrons in the same orbital must have opposite spin
How is spin represented?
Arrows pointing up and down
What are the three main rules for putting electrons in their orbitals?
- atomic orbitals of lower energy are filled first
- atomic orbitals fill singly before pairing because electrons repel
- no atomic orbital can hold more than two electrons
Which elements do not follow the main rules of electronic configurations?
Copper and Chromium
What is the electronic configuration of Copper?
1s2 / 2s2 / 2p6 / 3s2 / 3p6 / 3d10 / 4s1
What is Chromium’s electronic configuration?
1s2 / 2s2 / 2p6 / 3s2 / 3p6 / 3d5 / 4s1
