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fundamental neuroscience > fundamental neuroanatomy and spinal cord > Flashcards

fundamental neuroanatomy and spinal cord Flashcards

1
Q

dorsal

A

upper side of brain

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2
Q

ventral

A

under side of the brain

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3
Q

rostral

A

frontal part of the brain

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4
Q

caudal

A

tail of brain

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5
Q

superior

A

above

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6
Q

inferior

A

below

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7
Q

anterior

A

in front of

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8
Q

posterior

A

behind

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9
Q

medial

A

towards midline

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10
Q

lateral

A

away from midline

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11
Q

transverse plane

A

plane that divides the body into superior and inferior sections.

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12
Q

sagittal/median

A

plane that divides body into left and right sections.

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13
Q

coronal/frontal

A

plane that divides the body into dorsal and ventral sections.

front and back sections. boobs separate from bum.

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14
Q

what are the 3 primary vesicles of the brain?

A
  1. prosencephalon (forebrain).
  2. mesencephalon (midbrain).
  3. rhombencephalon (hindbrain).
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15
Q

what does the prosencephalon (forebrain) contain?

A
  1. telencephalon.
  2. diencephalon.
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16
Q

what does the rhombencephalon contain?

A
  1. pons.
  2. cerebellum.
  3. medulla oblongata.
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17
Q

what does the telencephalon contain?

A
  1. the cerebral cortex.
  2. corpus striatum.
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18
Q

what does the diencephalon contain?

A
  1. thalamus.
  2. hypothalamus.
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19
Q

frontal lobe contains….

A

motor area and Broca’s area

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20
Q

what is the frontal lobe responsible for?

A

judgement,
higher cognitive functions,
motor planning,
personality.

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21
Q

what does the temporal lobe contain?

A

Wernicke’s area,
amygdala,
hippocampus.

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22
Q

what is the temporal lobe responsible for?

A

memory,
processing auditory info
and language comprehension,
emotion and speech.

23
Q

what is white matter composed of?

A

axons.

24
Q

what is grey matter composed of?

A

neurons

25
Q

which part is the grey matter?

A

the butterfly b

26
Q

what are the 4 components of grey matter?

A

dorsal,
intermediate zone,
lateral,
ventral.

27
Q

what are the 4 types of neurons associated with the spinal cord?

A
  1. DRG sensory.
  2. motor.
  3. preganglionic sympathetic neurons.
  4. interneurons.
28
Q

where are DRG sensory neurons found?

A

dorsal horn.

29
Q

where are motor neurons found?

A

in the ventral horn

30
Q

where are the preganglionic sympathetic neurons found?

A

in the intermedio-lateral horn (T1-L2).

31
Q

where are interneurons found?

A

found in all grey matter regions.

32
Q

how many cervical vertebrae are there?

A

8.

33
Q

how many thoracic vertebrae are there?

A

12

34
Q

how many lumbar vertebrae are there?

A

5

35
Q

how many sacral vertebrae are there?

A

5

36
Q

what is an epidural injection?

A

an injection into the epidural space.

37
Q

what is a lumbar puncture?

A

a needle between the 3rd and 4t vertebrae.

the needle enters into enlarged subarachnoid space to get the SCF.

38
Q

where is the ratio of white to grey matter largest?

A

in the cervical vertebrae.

39
Q

why id there more white matter the higher up you go?

A

because there are more axons as you go up the spinal cord.

40
Q

where is the lowest white to grey matter ratio?

A

in the sacral vertebrae.

41
Q

is the lateral horn present at all vertebrae?

A

no.

42
Q

where is the lateral horn present?

A

thoracic,

upper lumbar,

and sacral.

43
Q

ascending tracts are for what?

A

sensory

44
Q

descending tracts are for what?

A

motor

45
Q

what are the descending tracts?

A

vestibulospinal, reticulospinal, and corticospinal.

46
Q

what are the ascending tracts?

A

dorsal column, spinothalamic and spinocerebellar.

47
Q

spinal cord grey matter is divided into distinct regions called?

A

laminae.

48
Q

what are the 2 spinocerebellar tracts called?

A

anterior (ventral) spinocerebellar,

posterior (dorsal) spinocerebellar.

49
Q

spinal grey matter is divided into distinct regions called what?

A

laminae

50
Q

how many laminae are in the spinal cord?

A

10.

51
Q

the cervical vertebrae is typically controls what?

A

upper torso and limbs.

52
Q

the thoracic vertebrae typically controls what?

A

lower torso.

53
Q

the lumbar vertebrae typically controls what?

A

lower body limbs.

54
Q

the sacral vertebrae typically controls what?

A

toes, feet, bum and bladder

fundamental neuroscience (13 decks)

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