fundamental neuroanatomy and spinal cord Flashcards
dorsal
upper side of brain
ventral
under side of the brain
rostral
frontal part of the brain
caudal
tail of brain
superior
above
inferior
below
anterior
in front of
posterior
behind
medial
towards midline
lateral
away from midline
transverse plane
plane that divides the body into superior and inferior sections.
sagittal/median
plane that divides body into left and right sections.
coronal/frontal
plane that divides the body into dorsal and ventral sections.
front and back sections. boobs separate from bum.
what are the 3 primary vesicles of the brain?
- prosencephalon (forebrain).
- mesencephalon (midbrain).
- rhombencephalon (hindbrain).
what does the prosencephalon (forebrain) contain?
- telencephalon.
- diencephalon.
what does the rhombencephalon contain?
- pons.
- cerebellum.
- medulla oblongata.
what does the telencephalon contain?
- the cerebral cortex.
- corpus striatum.
what does the diencephalon contain?
- thalamus.
- hypothalamus.
frontal lobe contains….
motor area and Broca’s area
what is the frontal lobe responsible for?
judgement,
higher cognitive functions,
motor planning,
personality.
what does the temporal lobe contain?
Wernicke’s area,
amygdala,
hippocampus.
what is the temporal lobe responsible for?
memory,
processing auditory info
and language comprehension,
emotion and speech.
what is white matter composed of?
axons.
what is grey matter composed of?
neurons
which part is the grey matter?
the butterfly b
what are the 4 components of grey matter?
dorsal,
intermediate zone,
lateral,
ventral.
what are the 4 types of neurons associated with the spinal cord?
- DRG sensory.
- motor.
- preganglionic sympathetic neurons.
- interneurons.
where are DRG sensory neurons found?
dorsal horn.
where are motor neurons found?
in the ventral horn
where are the preganglionic sympathetic neurons found?
in the intermedio-lateral horn (T1-L2).
where are interneurons found?
found in all grey matter regions.
how many cervical vertebrae are there?
8.
how many thoracic vertebrae are there?
12
how many lumbar vertebrae are there?
5
how many sacral vertebrae are there?
5
what is an epidural injection?
an injection into the epidural space.
what is a lumbar puncture?
a needle between the 3rd and 4t vertebrae.
the needle enters into enlarged subarachnoid space to get the SCF.
where is the ratio of white to grey matter largest?
in the cervical vertebrae.
why id there more white matter the higher up you go?
because there are more axons as you go up the spinal cord.
where is the lowest white to grey matter ratio?
in the sacral vertebrae.
is the lateral horn present at all vertebrae?
no.
where is the lateral horn present?
thoracic,
upper lumbar,
and sacral.
ascending tracts are for what?
sensory
descending tracts are for what?
motor
what are the descending tracts?
vestibulospinal, reticulospinal, and corticospinal.
what are the ascending tracts?
dorsal column, spinothalamic and spinocerebellar.
spinal cord grey matter is divided into distinct regions called?
laminae.
what are the 2 spinocerebellar tracts called?
anterior (ventral) spinocerebellar,
posterior (dorsal) spinocerebellar.
spinal grey matter is divided into distinct regions called what?
laminae
how many laminae are in the spinal cord?
10.
the cervical vertebrae is typically controls what?
upper torso and limbs.
the thoracic vertebrae typically controls what?
lower torso.
the lumbar vertebrae typically controls what?
lower body limbs.
the sacral vertebrae typically controls what?
toes, feet, bum and bladder
