Fundamental Movements

Question 0

Extension

Answer 0

Increasing the angle between two bones

Question 1

Flexion

Answer 1

Decreasing the angle between two joints

Question 2

Dorsiflexion

Answer 2

Moving the top of the foot toward the shin (only at the ankle joint)

Question 3

Plantarflexion

Answer 3

Moving the sole of the foot downward (only at the ankle joint)

Question 4

Abduction

Answer 4

Motion away from the midline of the body (or part)

Question 5

Adduction

Answer 5

Motion toward the midline of the body (or part)

Question 6

Elevation

Answer 6

Moving to a superior position (only at the scapula)

Question 7

Depression

Answer 7

Moving to an inferior position (only at the scapula)

Question 8

Inversion

Answer 8

Lifting the medial border of the foot (only at the subtalar joint)

Question 9

Eversion

Answer 9

Lifting the lateral border of the foot (only at the subtalar joint)

Question 10

Rotation

Answer 10

Internal (inward) or external (outward) turning about the vertical axis of bone

Question 11

Pronation

Answer 11

Rotating the hand and wrist medially from the elbow

•pronation of the foot is a combination of eversion and abduction, raising the lateral edge of the foot•

Question 12

Supination

Answer 12

Rotating the hand and wrist laterally from the elbow

•supination of the foot is a combination of inversion and adduction, raising the medial edge of the foot•

Question 13

Horizontal Flexion (adduction)

Answer 13

From a 90° abducted arm position, the humerus is flexed (adducted) in toward the midline of the body in the transverse plane

Question 14

Horizontal Extension (abduction)

Answer 14

The return of the humerus from horizontal flexion (adduction)

Question 15

Circumduction

Answer 15

Motion that describes a “cone” combines flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction in sequence

Question 16

Opposition

Answer 16

Thumb movement unique to humans and primates

Question 17

Fundamental movements from anatomical position in the sagittal plane

Answer 17

• flexion
• extension
• dorsiflexion
• plantarflexion

Question 18

Fundamental movements from anatomical position in the frontal plane

Answer 18

• abduction
• adduction
• elevation
• depression
• inversion
• eversion

Question 19

Fundamental movements from anatomical position in the transverse plane

Answer 19

• rotation
• pronation
• supination
• horizontal flexion (adduction)
• horizontal extension (abduction)

Question 20

Fundamental movements from anatomical position that are multiplanar

Answer 20

• circumduction

* opposition