fundamental chemistry

Question 1

what does a nucleus contain?

Answer 1

protons and neutrons

Question 2

what is an isotope?

Answer 2

atoms with the the same number of protons but a different no. of neutrons

Question 3

how would istopes of an element be described

Answer 3

having same chemical properties, and similar physical properties

Question 4

how is the existence of isotopes proven?

Answer 4

Mass spectroscopy shows existence of isotopes and other relative abundances

Question 5

what is an ion?

Answer 5

Ion is an atom or molecule with a net electronic charge due to the loss or gain of electrons

Question 6

why are ions formed?

Answer 6

Form as it provides electronic stability by creating a full outer energy level

Question 7

general trends in the formation of ions

Answer 7

Metals tend to lose electrons to form positive ions

Non-Metals tend to gain electrons to form negative ions

Transitions metals are variable in their charges

up to group 3, increasing in positive charge

after group 4, decreasing in negative charge

Question 8

ammonium

Answer 8

NH₄⁺

Question 9

hydronium

Answer 9

H₃O⁺

Question 10

hydroxide

Answer 10

OH^-

Question 11

nitrate

Answer 11

NO₃^-

Question 12

cyanide

Answer 12

CN^-

Question 13

carbonate

Answer 13

CO₃^2-

Question 14

sulfate

Answer 14

SO₄^2-

Question 15

phosphate

Answer 15

PO₄^3-

Question 16

mercury (I)

Answer 16

Hg₂²⁺

Question 17

peroxide

Answer 17

O₂^2-

Question 18

acetate

Answer 18

C₂H₃O₂^-

Question 19

oxalate

Answer 19

C₂O₄^2-

Question 20

chlorate

Answer 20

ClO₃^-

Question 21

permanganate

Answer 21

MnO₄^-

Question 22

dichromate

Answer 22

Cr₂O₇^2-

Question 23

how to write the formulae of ions

Answer 23

swap and drop

Question 24

what is stochiometry?

Answer 24

gives the relative quantitative relationships between substances in a chemical equation (i.e. ratios)