Fundamental Flashcards
Define Alkali
A type of base that dissolves in water forming hydroxide ions
Define base
A species that is a proton acceptor
Define catalyst
A substance that speeds up the rate of reaction without being used up in the process. Lowers the activation energy
Define Compound
A substance formed from two or more chemically bonded elements in a fixed ratio. Usually showed by a chemical formula
Define dehydration
An elimination reaction in which water is removed from a saturated molecule to make an unsaturated molecule
Define Enthalpy
The heat content that is stored in a chemical system
Enthalpy change of combustion
The Enthalpy change that takes place when one mole of a substance reacts completely with oxygen under standard conditions
Define Enthalpy change of formation
The Enthalpy change that takes place when one mole of a compound in its standard state is formed from its constituent elements under standard conditions
Enthalpy change of reaction
The Enthalpy change that accompanies the reaction in molar quantities expressed in a chemical equation under standard conditions.
Group
The vertical column in the periodic table. The elements in the same group have similar chemical properties and have same number of electrons in outer shell
Hydrated
Crystalline and containing water molecules
Ion
A positively or negatively charged atom
Ionic bond
The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
Isotopes
Atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons and different masses
Mole
The amount of any substance containing as many particles as there are carbon atoms in 12g of carbon 12 isotope. 6.02x10^23
Molecule
A small group of atoms held together by covalent bonds
Oxidation
Loss of electrons or an increase in oxidation number
Polymer
A long chain molecule built up from monomer units
Radical
A species with an unpaired electron
Reduction
Gain of electrons or a decrease in oxidation number
Reflux
The continual boiling and condensing of a reaction mixture to ensure that the reaction takes place without the contents boiling dry
Salt
A chemical compound formed from an acid, when an H+ ion has been replaced by a metal ion or another positive ion such as NH4+
Species
Any type or particle that takes part in a chemical reaction
Volatility
The ease with which a liquid turns into a gas
