Funda 4 Flashcards
“nutrix” (latin word, “nutricious) meaning to nourish
→ That nourishes, foster, protects as a SCIENCE and
ART, a bleding of art, science and spirit
→ A service to the individul which helps to regain, or to
keep a normal state of body and mind
NURSING
Traditional Role of Nursing
→ Humanistic caring
→ Nurturing
→ Comforting
→ Supporting
→ The perception of knowledge that is pure instinctive
and untaught
→ Women- endowed biologically with a tender,
compassionate nature; Which is readily adapted to
her family’s need for nursing care; functioned as
primitive nurses in tribal societies
→ Nursing as a practice originated in the dim past when
some mother among the cave dwellers cooled the
forehead of her sick child with water from the brook
(Dr. Willian Osler)
Intuitive
Beliefs that disease were embedded on superstition
and magic
Nursing In Ancient Civilization
Believed that illnesses were caused by the invasion of
the victim’s body by an evil spirit or black magic
(voodoo)
Primitive Men
medicine man could heal using “white magic”
(shaman or witch
doctor
From nomadic life to agrarian life to urban
community life
→ Nursing; duty of slaves, wives, sisters or mother
Nursing in the Near East
Earliest documentation of law governing the practice
of medicine
→ Government-controlled, well regulated practice
medicine; mention of nursing
BABYLONIA (CODE OF HAMMURABI)
→ Art of embalming (contribution to anatomy)
→ Record of 250 recognizable diseases
→ Moses “the father of sanitation”
→ Nurses- widwives and wet nurses (compassionate,
tender maternal insticts)
EGYPT
“the father of sanitation
Moses
Belief of spirit and demons
→ Knowledge of “materia medica” (Pharmacology)
→ Prohibited the dissection of the human body
CHINA
→ Hospitals that use an intuitive form of asepsis
→ Proficiency in the practice of medicine and surgery
→ Writings of Shushurutu (300 - 200 B.C.)
INDIA
Care of the sick and injured was advanced in
mythology and reality
In ancient Greece and Rome
greek god; chief healer
Asklepios
wife of asklepios; the soother
Epigone
- daughter; goddess of health; embodiment of the
nurse
Hygeria
father of scientific medicine; only a
medical student should remain with the patient
Hippocrates-
gave service to the less fortunate members
of the Roman society in her repentance for her sins
Fabiola
→ Nursing care performed by people directed by more
experienced nurses
→ “on-the-job” training without formal education
→ Religious orders pf the Christian Church
→ Military, secular and mendicant (begging) religious
orders
Apprentice Nursing
→ Organization of men providing nursing care to the
sick and dying during the plague in Alexandria
PARABOLONI BROTHERHOOD
→ The military religious orders established hospitals
and staffed them with men who served as nurses
THE CRUSADERS
→ “Patroness of Nurses”
→ Used her wealth to make lives for the poor
→ Built hospital for the sick and needy
→ Provided orphans and fed them from 300 to 900
persons daily
ST. ELIZABETH OF HUNGARY
→ Established tent hospitals for the wounded
TEUTONIC KNIGHTS (GERMAN)
→ Devoted to religious life and nursing
K.M.
→ Discipline was strict
KNIGHTS OF ST. JOHN OF JERUSALEM (ITALIAN)
→ Nursing care of Lepers in Jerusalem
KNIGHTS OF ST. LAZARUS
Closing of hundreds of hospitals
→ Nursing became the work of “dregs” of society
→ Nurses took bribes, abused alcohol, were
uneducated and untrained
→ Nurses worked 7 days a week without relief with very
poor working conditions
Martin Luther destroyed unity of Christian Faith
The “dark period of nursing”
destroyed unity of Christian Faith
Martin Luther
→ First “laywomen”
→ Worked as a nurse in North America
→ Founded the hotel Deieu in Montreal and her
supplies came from France
→ Sisters Hospitaliers of St. Joseph
Madame Jeanne Mance of France
→ Begun on June 15 1860
→ Arousal of social consciousness
The Period of Educated Nursing
→ “Mother of Moder Nursing”; lady with a lamp
→ Born May 12, 1820 in Florence, Italy
Florence Nightingale
→ Adopted a uniform with a cap that was later adopted
by her classmates
Euphemia Van Rensallaer
Was invented through the efforts of Dr. Williams
Halsted for use of his wife, Caroline Hampton who
has delicate hands and for reliefof her dermatitis
Gloves for Protection
→ The patriotism of Edith Cavell
→ “mata hari” served wounded soldiers during World
War 1
→ The establishment of the Army Nurse Corps
World War 1
→ Due to the aftermath of war, the need for public
health nurses came about to provide service for the
community
Armistice Period
→ After World War II to present
→ Scientific and technological development and social
changes marks this period
→ Start of nursing as a profession
→ Revision of the Nursing Code of Ethics in the 1950s
→ Placement of emphasis on the different nursing fields
→ Start of patient-centered nursing
Contemporary Nursing
→ Are permitted to administer care according to their
ability and preparation
→ Assists in caring for the sick under the direction of a
licensed physician or a registered professional nurse
Practical Nurse
→ Committee on careers in nursing - for recruitment of
nurses
→ Basic baccalaureate programs in nursing
→ Associate degree programs in nursing
→ Evolving levels or nursing preparation
→ Practical nursing
→ Professional nurse
→ Master nurse
→ Doctor nurse
Influence in Contemporary Nursing Education
