Functionalist Perspective (Consensus)

Question 1

Key Sociologists

Answer 1

Durkheim
Parsons
Schultz
Davis and Moore

Question 2

4 Basic Functions

Answer 2

Passing on society’s culture and building social solidarity.
Providing a bridge between the family and wider society.
Developing human capital.
Selecting and allocating people roles in a meritocratic society.

Question 3

1. Passing On Society’s Culture and Building Social Solidarity

Answer 3

Through hidden + formal curriculum children are taught the values + culture of society.
Education builds social solidarity in young people and maintains the dominant culture. It is a vital part of secondary socialisation

Question 4

2. Providing a Bridge Between The Family and Wider Society

Answer 4

Durkheim saw schools as prepatory for adult life- ‘society in miniature’
Parsons sees schools as vital for secondary socialisation, bridge the gap between particularistic and universalistic values.
Introduces elements of a meritocratic society. Smooth transition to job market.

Question 5

3. Developing Human Capital

Answer 5

Schultz (1971), theory of human capital. Argues that high spending on education is justified as it allows a highly skilled+specialised workforce to be trained. This boosts economy and benefits meritocracy as it ensures skilled people are trained for roles with greatest responsibilities.

Question 6

4. Selecting and Allocating People to Roles in a Meritocratic Society

Answer 6

Davis and Moore (1967[1945]) see education system as readying people for the job market and ensuring most qualified get most important jobs. (role allocation) ‘Equality of educational opportunity’- legitimises inequality, equal chance of success if effort, talent and ability are present.