Functionalism T+M

Question 1

Parsons view

Answer 1

‘top-down’ approach.
Society = Human body
Sudden change is rarely good and can lead to anomie.

Question 2

Merton’s view

Answer 2

Manifest functions: intended and obvious.
Latent functions: not obvious but still powerful.
E.g Hopi Indians rain dance to bring rain (manifest), but also strengthens social solidarity (latent).

Question 3

Merton’s criticisms of Parsons in 3 ways

Answer 3

1. Assumes that institutions in society are indispensable. E.g Non-nuclear families can socialise effectively, education system has problems.
2. Assumes all of society inter-connect, not always an overlap in society. E.g. rules of netball dont overlap with the structure of banking.
3. Assumes everything in society performs a positive function. Some things are functional for some, yet dysfunctional for others. E.g medication, jobs

Question 4

Durkheims view

Answer 4

Morality is the centre of society, its a social fact.
We agree to give up a little freedom for the greater good(social contract).
A value consensus leads to social solidarity.