functionalism and crime- cohen, cloward and ohlin Flashcards
What is Cohen’s ‘status frustration’ theory focused on?
Working-class boys in schools who fail to succeed in middle-class environments
What do working-class boys form in response to status frustration?
Delinquent subcultures that go against middle-class norms and values
Why do working-class boys try to succeed within subcultures?
To rise in the hierarchy where they have more chance of succeeding
What does Cohen’s theory explain about crime?
Why people commit non-utilitarian crimes
Who developed Cohen’s status frustration theory further?
Cloward and Ohlin
How many types of subcultures do Cloward and Ohlin suggest?
Three types of subcultures
What are the three types of subcultures according to Cloward and Ohlin?
- Criminal subcultures
- Conflict subcultures
- Retreatist subcultures
What do criminal subcultures provide?
Apprenticeships for utilitarian crime
Where do criminal subcultures exist?
In areas with stable criminal cultures
What characterizes conflict subcultures?
High population turnover and social disorganisation
What type of gangs exist in conflict subcultures?
Loosely organised gangs
What do retreatist subcultures consist of?
People who fail in both legitimate and illegitimate means
What may individuals in retreatist subcultures turn to?
Illegal drug use
Fill in the blank: Criminal subcultures exist in areas with _______ cultures.
stable criminal
True or False: Conflict subcultures are characterized by stable social structures.
False
