Functionalism

Question 1

Durkheim

Answer 1

Social solidarity is achieved by worshipping a sacred totem, which has power because it represents society. He studied the Arunta tribe who had an emblem on everything they owned. Said worship of religion is worship of society

Question 2

Bellah

Answer 2

Civil religion - Patriotism is a form of religion because it unites individuals under a common belief in their country that can include belief in the supernatural e.g. the Americans

Question 3

Parsons

Answer 3

The religious system provides general guidelines for action by creating standards against which an individual can compare themselves (secondary socialisation). It also gives meaning in times of crisis, which prevents anomie

Question 4

Shils and Young

Answer 4

The coronation served to unite British society as part of the civil religion, as it reinforced social solidarity and shared values

Question 5

Malinowski

Answer 5

Psychological functions - to help individuals cope with stress and anxieties which is why life crises are often accompanied by ceremonies. Studied the Trobriand Islanders who used “canoe magic” to deal with the stresses and uncertainties of sea fishing