Functionalism

Question 1

Functionalists theorists

Answer 1

Durkheim

Parsons

Malinowski

Question 2

Durkheim

Answer 2

Religion maintains moral unity of society

Religious ceremonies reinforced social solidarity

Defined religion in terms of distinction between sacred and profane

Religion Contributes to shared values and moral beliefs in society (collective conscious)

Question 3

Parsons

Answer 3

Religion provides consensus for necessary social order and stability by giving guidelines for actions and standards.

2 categories providing individuals with meaning when life is disrupted.
1. ‘Hit’ death. Religions enables individuals to adjust and restore a sense of normality

2. Uncertain about reactions to natural disaster e.g floods. Religion aids adjustment and restores confidence of the individual and community

Question 4

Malinowski

Answer 4

Rituals are performed in times of emotional distress and anxiety as a source for comfort.

Identifies 4 main life crisis: birth, puberty, marriage and death. As social events they unite people and reinforce social solidarity

Question 5

Criticsms of functionalists

Answer 5

Ignores negative dysfunctional aspect of religion

Religion can cause conflict due to difference in beliefs and norms which divides people rather than uniting

• Sees religion as a conservative force ??