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Sociology > Functionalism > Flashcards

Functionalism Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Who is the founding father of functionalism?

A

Durkheim

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2
Q

Who developed the organic analogy?

A

Durkheim

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3
Q

What are the four S’ ?

A

Social Solidarity
Specialist Skills
Secondary Socialisation
Sifting and Sorting

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4
Q

What type of theory is Functionalism?

A

Consensus

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5
Q

Who argues school is a society in miniature?

A

Durkheim

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6
Q

What is Social Solidarity?

A
  • Children learn to interact with other members of the school and society
  • Children learn to follow a fixed set of rules
  • Children learn a shared culture
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7
Q

What are examples of Social Solidarity in schools?

A

School uniform, school trips, sports day, assemblies etc.

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8
Q

How can Functionalism we criticised?

A

Feminists and Marxists argue school passes on the dominant culture (i.e patriarchy or ruling class)

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9
Q

What is Ethnocentrism in education?

A

School giving priority to white culture in their subjects.

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10
Q

What are examples of an ethnocentric curriculum?

A

Only being taught white historical figures, following the Christian Calendar, only being taught European languages etc.

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11
Q

Which sociologist argues individuals must be taught specialist skills?

A

Durkheim

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12
Q

Why do individuals need to be taught specialist skills?

A

So they can take their place within a highly complex division of labour.

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13
Q

What is Shultz’s theory of Human Capital?

A

A modern economy depends on ‘Human Capital’ therefore education ensures each person is taught the right skills to provide a properly trained, qualified and flexible labour force for specialised jobs.

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14
Q

How can Specialist Skills be criticised?

A

There is an increase of NEETs (Not in Education, Employment or Training)

Feminists argue certain genders are taught skills based on an expressive or instrumental role.

Marxists argue that the RC have better access to better education and therefore are taught better skills.

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15
Q

Which Sociologist discusses Secondary Socialisation?

A

Parsons

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16
Q

What is Secondary Socialisation?

A

Education passes on the key norms and values of society.

17
Q

What is Meritocracy?

A

Children are socialised into the value that status can be achieved based on their own ability and effort.

18
Q

What ways is the education system seen as fair for everyone?

A

Free schooling, qualifications, National Curriculum, Open Enrollment and grade boundaries.

19
Q

How can Secondary Socialisation be criticised?

A

Marxists Bowles and Gintis argue meritocracy is a myth due to the existence of private education as children of the wealthy obtain qualifications irrespective of their abilities. Meritocracy is used to cover the unfair system to make it seem fair.

20
Q

Which Sociologist discusses ‘The Bridge’ ?

A

Parsons

21
Q

What is The Bridge?

A

Education helps students make the transition from home to work.

22
Q

What is an ‘ascribed status’ ?

A

The status achieved at home, where each child is different and ‘special’

23
Q

What is an ‘achieved status’ ?

A

The status that is earned and worked for in society.

24
Q

What are Particularistic standards?

A

Special standards and treatment towards an individual.

25
Q

What are Universalistic Standards?

A

Rules that apply to everyone taught in education bridging the gap between home and society.

26
Q

How can The Bridge be criticised?

A

The New Right argue that this lacks contemporary relevance as the system is failing the transition from home to work and too many young people are on benefits.

27
Q

Which functionalists discuss Sifting and Sorting?

A

Davis and Moore

28
Q

What is Sifting and Sorting?

A

The role of education is role allocation. Education places students in certain paths they are suited to.

29
Q

How do schools sift and sort?

A

Placing students in sets based on their academic achievement.

30
Q

Which students gain the important jobs?

A

Those who gain high grades.

31
Q

How is Sifting and Sorting used as an incentive?

A

Not everyone is equally talented so important roles are recognised with rewards such as higher status and more pay which is natural and desirable.

32
Q

How can Sifting and Sorting be criticised?

A

Stephen Ball - students in sets based on their father’s occupation.

Labelling theorists such as Becker, Hempel-Jorgensen and Rosenthal and Jacobson affect how students are sifted and sorted to their disadvantage.

Sociology (11 decks)

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