Functionalism

Question 1

Functionalism Acronym

Answer 1

He’s MMC COD

Question 2

Hirschi

Answer 2

Control Theory: Social bonds theory of crime and deviance

4 social bonds which people away from crime and toward conformity.

1. People sharing moral beliefs
2. People hold attachments to those around them
3. People have commitment to conventional activities such as
   work, education or raising a family.
4. People have involvement and kept busy with society and family.
   Have no time or opportunity to commit crime.

Question 3

Miller

Answer 3

explains crimes in terms of working class subculture

This subculture focuses mainly on males and revokes around their characteristics that
are called focal concerns.

Focal concerns include an emphasis on toughness and masculinity.

Question 4

Merton

Answer 4

Strain Theory When faced with strain, people
have five ways to adapt (modes of adaption)

Social order based on shared consensus around social goals and approved means
of achieving them.

When faced with strain, people have five ways to adapt (modes of adaption);

1. Conformity
2. Innovation
3. Ritualism
4. Retreatism
5. Rebellion

Question 5

Cohen

Answer 5

Working class youth failure in education
leads to Status frustration

Question 6

Cloward and Ohlin

Answer 6

Three types of delinquent sub-culture

1. Criminal subcultures are characterised by useful crimes such as theft.
They develop in more stable working class areas.

2. Conflict subcultures emerge in socially disorganised areas where
   there is a high rate of population turnover and a consequence lack of
   social cohesion.

3. Retreatist subcultures emerge among those lower class youth who
are a double failures meaning they have failed in mainstream society
and in crime and gang cultures. They then turn to drugs and alcohol.

Question 7

Durkheim

Answer 7

crime inevitable feature of social life

Strengthening collective values / boundary maintenance

Enabling social change

Safety valve

Warning device.