functional stability Flashcards
functional stability
=body’s ability to hold itself together regardless of other external factors (e.g. gravity)
static factors
-bony congruity
-ligamentous structues
-interosseous structures
-synchemotic structures
-joint capsule
dynamic structures
-muscular control
-joint proprioception
-feedback (visual, balance, proprioception)
neuroplasticity model
=nervous systems ability to respond and change depending on feedback
changes in the functional, chemical and structural properties of primary sensory neurons (in the dorsal horn on brain–> responsible for switching states of somatosensory system)
interaction between CNS and somatosensory system
neuronal modifiability (plasticity) suggests we need a healthy, well functioning neurological motor sensory system to keep relaying back info to the brain
context principle
=not just internal and external but contextual
environmental context=where you are
current context= what you are doing
limb context= what your body is doing
every action has a context
motor complex model
parametric abilities–> how much effort, how fast, endurance
syndergetic abilities–> co-contraction, reciprocal activation, challenge agonist and antagonist concept
composite abilities–> balance, coordination, transition time etc
skills–> how skillful are you- good technique?
feedback
proprioceptors= sensory receptor that receives stimuli from within the body- responds especially to position and movement
muscle spindles= sensory receptors that inform the CNS about changes in the length of individual muscles and the speed of stretching
golgi tendon organs= receptor that tells the CNS how much tension the muscle is exerting
all go back to the brain and sends messages to limbs to appropriate muscles & joints
reflex arch–> certain decisions of feedback that go to spinal cord not brain (brain has allocated certain functions to levels in the spinal cord)
feed forward–> anticipation of motor patterns- brain doesn’t need to be involved, just sends message in advance e.g. sacroiliac ligaments preloading before heel strike in gait cycle
cerebellar and basal ganglia function
the cerebellum works out coordination whilst basal ganglia works out motor control (smooth not jerky)
Between them they send this message to corticospinal tract and then spinal cord and the descending tracts to muscle receptors
Muscle receptors send information back up to cerebellum to get feedback, may send feedback to change or continue
core stability concept
=Capacity of the muscles of the torso to assist in the maintenance of good posture, balance etc especially during movement
key muscles involved: thoracic diaphragm, transversus, multifidis, pelvic floor, internal/ external obliques, rectus abdominalis
supporting structures: thoracolumbar fascia, linea alba, semilunaris
All these muscles contract and maintain a certain internal pressure- stabilises lumbar spine and keeps it safe during movement. Bracing contracts intra abdominal space which raises intra abdominal pressure that protects lumbar spine
functional stability of shoulder girdle (applies to all joints in body)
Gh is very shallow ball and socket joint to allow for huge ROM.
Ligaments and capsule are quite loose to permit movement–> to help stability, the rotator cuff (Subscapularis, infraspinatus, teres minor, supraspinatus) combine to hold head of humerus back onto shoulder (thorax and scapula),anteriorly look at function of biceps (long and short head)- stabilise head of humerus in abduction
Agonist/ antagonist concept vs movers/ stabilisers
All or nothing concept= one contracts, one relaxes
gradual contraction since medial and lateral work as a team
more of a controlled contraction instead of a one off
agonist–> prime mover
synergist–> assister to prime mover
stabilisers–> ensure everything is stabilised while agonist and synergist work together to do movement
antagonist–> oppose agonists movement
cervical stability
If head is in line with lateral plumb line (functional weight= 12 pounds), if head goes anterior to lateral plumb line then it increases functional weight (32 pounds). Kyphotic= 42 pounds
All this weight has to be supported by cervical musculature (anterior erector spinae, longus colli, longus capitus etc)
Head becomes very heavy if it deviates from centre of gravity
myofascial chain concept
Fascia follows lines (chains)
-Superior front line- cervical fascia, thorax, linear alba and down anterior of legs
-Lateral- criss cross lines
-Deep back arm line- posterior hand (ulnar side) up through triceps, infraspinatus and rhomboids
-Spiral line- crosses midline, and crosses lateral line to behind (double helix)
Bio-tensegrity and myofascial chains concept
=recognizes that complex living structures are the result of interactions between some basic self-organizing principles and that Natures ‘strategy for design’ is already built into the dynamic architecture of the system. A principle of structural organization that extends from the smallest of molecules to the complete organism and uses the simplest of models to better understand their complex dynamics
hypermobility vs instability
hypermobility spectrum= connective tissue problems (EDS and marfans). Multiple joints involved
Beighton scale: bending pinky finger back, bend forward with hands flat on floor, hyperextend elbows and knees, bend thumbs back to forearm
Questionnaire: pan lasting 3 months or more, fatigue, headaches, can’t sit still, insomnia, vascular problems, heart palpitations, mitral valve collapsing and dysfunction
Helps by exercise (gradual)
instability= often after trauma through stretching (e.g. ACL injury in knee). Will be one joint, not multiple. No other problems, just joint affected- no other symptoms
