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NeuroAnatomy > Functional Organization of Nervous System > Flashcards

Functional Organization of Nervous System Flashcards

0
Q

Divisions of the Nervous System

A
  • Central Nervous System

- Peripheral Nervous System

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1
Q

General function of the Nervous System

A

Regulation of the major functions of human body.

  • higher cortical function
  • movement
  • sensation
  • visceral, cardiac and respiratory functions
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2
Q

Processing center of the Nervous System

A

CNS

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3
Q

Delivery Network of the Nervous System

A

PNS

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4
Q

_____ and _____ belongs to the central nervous system.

A

Brain & Spinal Cord

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5
Q

It is encased in skull and vertebral column. Give also its 3 main parts.

A

Brain.

Cerebrum, Brainstem, Cerebellum.

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6
Q

It is embedded in muscles and viscera. Give also its main parts/cords.

A

Spinal cord.

Cervical, Thoracic, Lumbar and Sacrococcygeal.

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7
Q

Give 4 nerves under the PNS.

A

Spinal nerves, Cranial nerves, Autonomic nerves, Peripheral nerves

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8
Q

How many pairs of spinal and cranial nerves?

A

31 spinal nerves & 12 cranial nerves

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9
Q

Two subdivisions of the PNS

A

Autonomic and Somatic Nervous System

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10
Q

It innervates the viscera, glands and blood vessels.

A

Autonomic Nervous System

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11
Q

It innervates the skeletal muscles, joints and skin.

A

Somatic Nervous System

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12
Q

Divisions of the autonomic nervous system

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic

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13
Q

Fight or flight

A

Sympathetic

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14
Q

Rest and digest

A

Parasympathetic

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15
Q

Basic functional and anatomical unit of nervous system which process and delivers impulses.

A

NEURON (or Nerve Cell)

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16
Q

Are predominantly structural cells and are not involved in neural transmission.

A

Neuroglia (or Glial cells)

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17
Q

Parts of neuron

A
  • Cell body (Soma)
  • Axon
  • Dendrites
  • Axon Terminal
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18
Q

It contains organelles (including nucleus) which processes and interprets all messages it receives and transmits.

A

Cell body / Soma

19
Q

Granular substance in the cytoplasm of a cell body and is composed of endoplasmic reticulum.

A

Nissl’s Substance

20
Q

Found within the brain but outside the cerebral cortex.

A

Nucleus (nuclei)

21
Q

Found outside of spinal cord and brain.

A

Ganglion (ganglia)

22
Q

Cluster of neuronal cell bodies and their dendrites, and is essentially a junction between autonomic nerves originating from the CNS and autonomic nerves innervating their target organs in the periphery.

A

Autonomic Ganglia

23
Q

Nodule on dorsal root of spine that contains cell bodies of nerve cells that carry signals from sensory organs toward the appropriate integration center.

A

Dorsal root / Spinal ganglion

24
Q

Most often receives stimulus and transmit it towards the cell body.

A

Dendrites

25
Q

Often transmits the message away from the cell body.

A

Axon

26
Q

This membrane covers the axon

A

Axolemma

27
Q

Lipid-rich insulating material around the axon, arranged in multiple concentric layers

A

Myelin Sheath

28
Q

Produces the myelin sheath in CNS

A

Oligodendrocytes

29
Q

Produces myelin sheath in PNS

A

Schwann cells

30
Q

Points along axon that is unmyelinated, it also allows saltatory conduction.

A

Nodes of Ranvier

31
Q

The most distal end of axon and the specific part that transfers the impulse to another neuron or effector organ.

A

Axon Terminal

32
Q

It is the most excitable part of the axon

A

Axon Hillock

33
Q

Give the types of Neurons according to structure

A

Unipolar, Bipolar and Multipolar

34
Q

Give the types of neurons according to function

A
  • Sensory (afferent) neurons
  • Association (or interneurons)
  • Motor (efferent) neurons
35
Q

Give 4 neuroglia/glial cells in CNS

A
  • astrocytes
  • microglia
  • oligondendrocytes
  • ependymal cells
36
Q

Give neuroglia/glial cells in PNS

A
  • Schwann cells

- Satellite cells

37
Q

Cells that regulates electrolyte balance, has a role in formation of BBB and repairs damaged neural tissue

A

Astrocytes

38
Q

Forms and maintain myelin sheath of nerve fibers in CNS and PNS

A

Oligodendrocytes & Schwann Cells

39
Q

Phagocytic cells and macrophages or scavengers of the CNS; forms defense against infection/injury.

A

Microglia

40
Q

Lines ventricles of brain and spinal cord to form CSF

A

Ependymal Cells

41
Q

It represents nerve fibers (axons) or processes of neurons

A

White Matter

42
Q

It represents cell bodies of neurons arranged in laminar or layered manner

A

Gray Matter

43
Q

Peripheral nerve is covered by ________.

A

Epineurium

44
Q

Fascicles are covered by _______.

A

Perineurium

45
Q

Nerve fibers are covered by ________.

A

Endoneurium

46
Q

4 types of synapses

A
  • axodendritic
  • axosomatic
  • axoaxonic
  • dendodendritic

NeuroAnatomy (2 decks)

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