Functional Neuroanatomy Flashcards
3 role of a neuron
1) Receiving imputes from other cells
2) Integrating those imputes
3) Distributing the processed information to other neurons
Which organelles contain a neuron?
1) Mitochondria, that produce energy
2) Cell nucleus, that contains genes encoded in DNA
3) Ribosomes, translate genetic instructions from the cell nucleus into proteins
Dendrites
cellular extension that serve as an input zone, receiving information from other neurons across synapses
Cell body
contains the cell’s nucleus. In addition to receiving additional synaptic inputs, the cell body serve as an integration zone, combining the information received by the neuron
Axon
a single extension that leads away from the cell body and serve as a conduction zone. Before its end it may split into multiple branches called axon collaterals.
Axon terminals
specialized swelling at the ends of the axon which are a functional output zone
Synaptic vesicles
tiny hollow spheres that contains a neurotransmitter, which the neuron uses to communicate with the postsynaptic neurons.
Neural plasticity
continual remodelling of the connections between neurons.
Anterograde transport
moves material toward the axon terminals
Somatic nervous system
which consist of nerves that interconnect the brain and the major muscles and sensory system of the body
Autonomous nervous system
control the viscera (internal organs)
3 major division in the autonomic nervous system
1) Sympathetic nervous system: sympathetic activation prepares the body for actions
2) Parasympathetic nervous system: helps the body to relax, recuperate and prepare for future actions
3) Enteric nervous system: is a local network of sensory and motor neurons that regulates the functioning of the gu
norepinephrine
accelerate activities
acetylcholine
slow down activities
4 main cortical regions
1) Frontal lobe
2) Parietal lobe
3) Temporal lobe
4) Occipital lobe
